A growing interest has recently emerged in the use of nanomaterials medical applications. Nanomaterials, such as MXene, have unique properties due to their 2D ultra-thin structure, which is potentially useful cancer photothermal therapy. To be most effective, agents need internalized by cells. In this study, MXene was fabricated using chemical reactions and tested a agent on MDA-231 breast cell...

We have tested the hypothesis that transit through the interstitial fluid, rather than across cell membranes, is rate limiting for amino acid uptake from blood into muscle in human subjects. To quantify muscle transmembrane transport of naturally occurring amino acids, we developed a novel 4-pool model that distinguishes between the interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments. Transport k...

We used tuberculous pleuritis as a model to study the compartmentalization and potential immunoregulatory role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2-D] in human granulomatous disease. In tuberculous pleuritis, mean concentrations of total 1,25-(OH)2-D were elevated in pleural fluid, compared to blood (67 pg/ml vs. 35 pg/ml). Concentrations of albumin, protein and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) ...

BACKGROUND In sheep, isoflurane causes extravascular accumulation of infused crystalloid fluid. The current study evaluates whether isoflurane has a greater tendency than propofol to cause extravascular retention in surgical patients. METHODS Thirty patients undergoing thyroid surgery lasting for 143 +/- 32 min (mean +/- SD) received an intravenous infusion of 25 ml/kg acetated Ringer's solut...

The normal milieu of the kidney includes hypoxia, large osmotic fluxes, and an enormous amount of fluid/solute reabsorption. Renal adaptation to these conditions requires a host of molecular chaperones that stabilize protein conformation, target nascent proteins to their final intracellular destination, and prevent protein aggregation. Under physiologic or pharmacologic stress, inducible molecu...

Transplabtable Zajdela rat ascites hepatoma cells, previously considered "nonproducers," synthesize detectable amounts of intracellular alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and fibrinogen, but fail to secret or release these serum proteins. Evidence for defective secretory mechanisms for serum proteins in these hepatoma cells (a) explains the failure to detect AFP in either the serum or ascitic fluid of rat...

Cystoid macular oedema (CMO) is a major cause of reduced vision following intraocular surgery. Although the aetiology of CMO is not completely clarified, intraocular inflammation is known to play a major role in its development. The macula may develop cytotoxic oedema when the primary lesion and fluid accumulation occur in the parenchymatous cells (intracellular oedema) or vasogenic oedema when...

Body fluid homeostasis and arterial pressure are intimately related to the point that their control share many common mechanisms. The diagram shown in Figure 4.1 illustrates an interactive network (antidehydration network) activated by the dehydration of the two major body fluid compartments, extracellular [represented by the production of angiotensin II (ANG II)] and intracellular (represented...

Wijngaard, Jeroen P. H. M. van den, Asli Umur, Raymond T. Krediet, Michael G. Ross, and Martin J. C. van Gemert. Modeling a hydropic recipient twin in twin-twin transfusion syndrome. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 288: R799–R814, 2005. First published November 11, 2004; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00635.2004.— We developed a mathematical model of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) that inclu...

HYPONATREMIA is a common fluid and electrolyte disturbance. The decrease in plasma sodium concentration is usually associated with a reduction in body fluid osmolality, a state that causes shifts of water between the interstitium and the cells. This review is addressed to the cellular response of tissues to a reduction in plasma osmolality. We briefly describe the current understanding of how h...