the aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the basic psychological needs in exercise scale (bpnes). the method was descriptive-survey. the statistical population consisted of male and female athletes aged over 16 years who attended structured exercise programs. the sample consisted of 256 male and female athletes (m=23.03, sd=4.04) who were selected through cluster r...

To determine the factors affecting the outcome of patients with traumatic acute subdural hematoma, we reviewed the records of7 4 consecutive comatose patients with a Glascow coma scale Score (GCS) of less than 8 who had been admitted to Imam Hosein Medical Center from 1990 to 1996 and had undergone a uniform treatment protocol. The overall mortality rate was 73% and 23% had functional reco...

Sign language recognition has spawned more and more interest in human–computer interaction society. The major challenge that SLR recognition faces now is developing methods that will scale well with increasing vocabulary size with a limited set of training data for the signer independent application. The automatic SLR based on hidden Markov models (HMMs) is very sensitive to gesture's shape inf...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the properties of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) from a Rasch paradigm. METHODS A secondary analysis of 235 patients with work-related pain conditions was performed using the Rasch methodology. Unidimensionality, item fit, location independence, differential item functioning, response option structure, and linearity were evaluated for the 13-item PCS score. RESU...

The social facilitation scale of the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire-Adolescent version predicts subsequent drinking behavior and covaries with other important constructs. An examination of the interval-level measurement properties and potential biases of items could help improve the scale. Responses in a large sample (N=518) of undergraduates confirmed that the items fit a Rasch model for a s...

The traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) model can evaluate the relative efficiencies of a set of decision making units (DMUs) with ratio scale inputs and outputs, but it cannot handle interval scale data. This study develop an approach to efficiency analysis to deal with both interval-scale data and ratio scale data. This approach introduces a measure of inefficiency and identifies effi...