Assessment of diet in large epidemiological studies can be costly and time consuming. An automated dietary assessment system could potentially reduce researcher burden by automatically coding food records. myfood24 (Measure Your Food on One Day) an online 24-h dietary assessment tool (with the flexibility to be used for multiple 24 h-dietary recalls or as a food diary), has been developed for u...

OBJECTIVE To describe the uptake of and factors associated with HIV prevalence among pregnant women in a large-scale home-based HIV counseling and testing (HBCT) program in western Kenya. METHODS In 2007, the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare Program (AMPATH) initiated HBCT to all individuals aged ≥13 years and high-risk children <13 years. Included in this analysis were females a...

Descriptive statistics include measures of central tendency and variability. Measures of central tendency include mean, median, and mode. The mean is the arithmetic average of data from interval or ratio scales. The median reflects the 50th percentile score. The mode is the most frequently occurring value of a data distribution. Measures of variability include range, interquartile range, standa...

CONTEXT Patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are generally observed overnight in the hospital. The association between same-day discharge of older patients and death or readmission is unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence and outcomes of same-day discharge among older patients undergoing elective PCI in the United States. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICI...

This is a follow up study of a multicenter randomised placebo-controlled trial in seven centres in five West European countries. The RCT assessed the effect of infant formula supplemented with a mixture of prebiotics (with neutral short-chain and long-chain oligosaccharides and pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides) during infancy in term-born children (n=1130). In the follow-up study 672 chil...

This study compared frequency-of-seeing curves for a line displacement test in glaucoma patients and normals. Probit analysis of the frequency-of-seeing curves provided the motion thresholds and the slopes of the frequency-of-seeing curves, represented by the interquartile range. The thresholds and interquartile ranges were significantly elevated in the glaucoma eyes and suspect eyes, compared ...

SETTING Under India's Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), >15% of previously-treated patients in the reported 2006 patient cohort defaulted from anti-tuberculosis treatment. OBJECTIVE To assess the timing, characteristics, and risk factors for default amongst re-treatment TB patients. METHODOLOGY For this case-control study, in 90 randomly-selected programme units treat...

Objectives To compare bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills retention between conventional learning and flipped learning for first-year medical students. Methods A post-test only control group design. A total of 108 participants were randomly assigned to either the conventional learning or flipped learning. The primary outcome measures of time to the first chest compression and the n...

Excessive intake of fluoride is associated with a wide range of adverse health effects. In a study from China, there was a higher risk of hypertension (HTN) in those resided in areas with relatively higher water fluoride concentrations. In another study from Iran, a significant positive correlation was found between the mean concentration of fluoride in the groundwater and the mean systolic blo...

BACKGROUND The delphi method of decision making was used to address an unusual clinical case in which various aspects of the case required opposing management strategies. METHODS A panel of 30 pulmonary experts was surveyed repeatedly until a convergence of treatment approaches was reached for a patient who was considered to have both a universal indication for and a universal contraindicatio...