Objective- To evaluate the effects of bupivacaine (B), ketamine (K), and a combination of bupivacaine and ketamine (BK) after lumbosacral epidural analgesia in sheep.   Design- Experimental study.   Animals- Nine healthy male and non-pregnant female Iranian Chall sheep with mean body weight of 38.9 ± 15.1 kg.   Procedures- Animals were selected randomly and three treatments administered. The ...

Antidepressant agents inhibit the neuronal reuptake of monoamines such as serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA), and dopamine (DA). Several clinical and animal studies have advocated the use of these agents in the management of pain. In this study, therefore, the possibility of a correlation between the analgesic activity of six serotonin specific reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants an...

Aversive events such as electric shock lead to analgesia. There have been differing views with regard to whether the aversive event itself can lead to analgesia as a direct unconditioned reaction, or whether the analgesia is instead a reaction to fear conditioned to cues present during shock or to other associative processes initiated by the aversive event. Maier (1989, 1990) has argued that av...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews the challenging practice of systemic analgesia as an alternative to epidural analgesia for labor pain, and places remifentanil within the context of opioid analgesics suitable for managing for labor pain. RECENT FINDINGS Although systemic opioids have long been used for labor analgesia, they have become less popular because of frequent maternal and neona...

The placebo effect is a neurobiological and psychophysiological process known to influence perceived pain relief. Optimization of placebo analgesia may contribute to the clinical efficacy and effectiveness of medication for acute and chronic pain management. We know that the placebo effect operates through two main mechanisms, expectations and learning, which is also influenced by sleep. Moreov...

Placebo analgesia is one of the most robust and best-studied placebo effects. Recent researches suggest that placebo analgesia activated the μ-opioid receptor signalling in the human brain. However, whether other opioid receptors are involved in the placebo analgesia remains unclear. We have previously evoked placebo responses in mice (Guo et al. 2010, 2011) and these mice may serve as a model ...

: 112 Transcutaneous carbon dioxide measurements and maternal pain scores in laboring parturients Presenting Author: Paloma Toledo M.D. Presenting Author's Institution: Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL Co-Authors: Renee C. Gora B.S.N. Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL Mary Jane Ebarvia B.S.N. Northwestern University, Feinberg School...

Abstract Aim We objectively re-assessed prescribing of analgesia for surgical admissions at Watford General Hospital, in accordance with Trust Guidelines Method Total 117 Patients. collected data prospectively the 1st Cycle 21/09/2021 – 04/10/2021 and 2nd 04/01/2022 17/01/2022. Intervention was through virtual poster daily reminders to on-call team Results & Conclusions When patients were p...

objectives: aim of the present work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiulcer effects of red seaweed porphyra vietnamensis (p. vietnamenis). materials and methods: aqueous (por) and alcoholic (pe) fractions were successfully isolated from p. vietnamenis. further biological investigations were performed using a classic test of paw edema induced by carrageenan, writhing in...