Near Field Communication (NFC) is a short-range contactless communication standard recently emerging as cashless payment technology. However, NFC has been proved vulnerable to several threats, such as eavesdropping, data modification, and relay attacks. A relay attack forwards the entire wireless communication, thus communicating over larger distances. In this paper, we review and discuss feasi...

In this paper, we develop a technique to measure how congruent the actual organizational communication channels are relative to the coordination requirement imposed by the dependencies among tasks. We examine the role of congruence in the context of a closed source project of a large distributed system. Our results show that congruence helped reduce resolution time of software modification requ...

The explosive growth in Internet traffic has created the need to transport IP on high-speed links. In the days of low traffic volume between IP routers, bandwidth partitions over a common interface made it attractive to carry IP over a frame relay and/or an ATM backbone. As the traffic grows, it is becoming more desirable to carry IP traffic directly over the synchronous optical network (SONET)...

In this paper, we propose a novel secure transmission scheme for MIMO Two-Way Relay Channels. By exploiting the properties of the transmission medium in the physical layer, our proposed scheme could achieve a high transmission efficiency as well as security. Two different approaches has been introduced including Information Theoretical approach and Physical Layer Encryption approach. Direction ...

The airborne relay-based positioning system (ARPS), which employs the relaying of navigation signals, was proposed as an alternative positioning system. However, the ARPS has limitations, such as relatively large vertical error and service restrictions, because firstly, the user position is estimated based on airborne relays that are located in one direction, and secondly, the positioning is pr...

For a long time, dialogue analysis has separated spoken language from written language. This dichotomy is valid in many cases as it is mostly parallel to the distinction of synchronous and asynchronous communication with the associated affinity to graphic and acoustic media, respectively. During the present decade, many forms of computer mediated communication (CMC) have become widespread. With...

in order to study the effects of cropping systems and mulch application in relay intercropped styrian pumpkin (cucurbita pepo l.) with chickpea (cicer arietinum l.), a field experiment was conducted as factorial layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the agricultural research station, college of agriculture, ferdowsi university of mashhad, during growing s...

Future wireless communication is expected to integrate collocated different radio access technologies together to meet wide expectation (multiple services) from users and to support mobility. The key requirements in this multiple radio access technology are to meet the Quality of Service (QoS) requirement of the user based on the service type, reduce energy consumption for the particular servic...

This document describes generic requirements for Pseudo-Wire Emulation Edge to Edge (PWE3). It provides guidelines for other working group documents that will define mechanisms for providing pseudo-wire emulation of specific services such as Ethernet, ATM, Frame Relay, TDM, and MPLS. It should be noted that the PWE3 Working Group (PWE3 WG) standardizes mechanisms that can be used to provide PWE...