the energy requirement of vacuum membrane distillation (vmd) with or without recirculation was modelled using both experimental results and theoretical data. the trends are generally consistent between the theoretical and experimental data. thermal energy contributes the most to the total energy required for the vmd process. to lower the thermal energy cost, waste heat resource and heat recover...

The energy requirement of vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) with or without recirculation was modelled using both experimental results and theoretical data. The trends are generally consistent between the theoretical and experimental data. Thermal energy contributes the most to the total energy required for the VMD process. To lower the thermal energy cost, waste heat resource and heat recover...

1 Introduction A balance between the flame propagation speed and the fluid velocity must be maintained to maintain the flame in a chemically reacting flow. Since the fluid velocity exceeds the flame speed in supersonic combustion applications, the flameholding issue is solved by generation of some sort of recirculation region which ensures sufficient residence time so that the processes involve...

Remotely sensed images document the occurrence of multiple packets internal solitary waves (ISWs) in Rhine River plume at same time. We use a combination field observations, and non-hydrostatic hydrostatic modeling to understand processes that lead generation retention ISW within plume. Previous numerical shows tidal front is trapped mid-field for more than one cycle due straining recirculation...

In a recent work, a new regulator of the output of a continuous autocatalytic bioprocess, by means of recirculation loop, has been presented. It was shown that controlling the recirculation flow rate allows the stabilization of the output in presence of an uncontrolled input flow rate. In the present paper, we extend this result when the input substrate concentration is unknown. For this purpos...

Vertical Velocity Distribution. The baseline condition illustrates the flow pattern expressing the vertical velocity components over the range front-10 to 15 m/s. The baseline case with only a single elevation of overfire air produces a high velocity flow channel attached to the front wall with an associated recirculation down the rear wall of the main combustor section. The optimized case incl...

We show that Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) formed from waveguides in a perfectly reflecting cladding can display manifestly different transmission characteristics to conventional MZIs due to mode recirculation and resonant reflection. Understanding and exploiting this behavior, rather than avoiding it, may lead to improved performance of photonic crystal (PC) based MZIs, for which claddin...

A novel transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model in the rat was used to evaluate the effect of nimodipine on brain edema and mortality. Nimodipine (30 micrograms/kg) administered immediately after 3 hr of transient unilateral MCA occlusion attenuated significantly the post-ischemic increase of tissue water content and partly attenuated 45Ca accumulation in the parieto-temporal cor...

This paper highlights the system requirements and operating conditions of automatic air recirculation valves and reviews compatibility of existing actuator types with these requirements. When comparing the available technologies, it becomes clear that air recirculation flap actuators containing a bipolar stepper motor offer key advantages over actuators with other motor types. It is shown how s...