OBJECTIVE To investigate differences in snuff consumption, sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics between baseline intermittent smokers that had become daily smokers, stopped smoking or remained intermittent smokers at the one year follow up. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS/MEASUREMENTS A population of 12 507 individuals interviewed at baseline in 1992-94 and at a one year follow up, a...

The temporal dynamics of many natural populations involve intermittent rarity, that is, the alternation, over variable periods of time, of phases of extremely low abundance, and short outbreaks. In this paper we show that intermittent rarity can arise in simple community models as a result of competitive interactions within and between species. Intermittently rare species are typified as weak i...

The syndrome of intermittent exophthalmos classically consists of enophthalmos with the head in the upright position, and exophthalmos which develops rapidly in one eye (usually the left) when venous stasis is induced by bending or lowering the head, turning the head forcibly, hyperextension of the neck, coughing, forced expiration with or without compression of the nostrils, or pressure on the...

AIMS Intermittent presentations of the ethanol sipper have been reported to induce more ethanol drinking in rats than when the ethanol sipper was continuously available during the session. This intermittent sipper effect was observed in a social drinking situation, in which subjects experienced intermittent opportunities to interact briefly with a conspecific rat. The objective of this study wa...

Three-Dimensional Modeled Custom-made Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Masks in an Infant Allison Carroll, Israel Amirav, Roger Marchand, Deb Olmstead, Heather Logan, Andrew Grosvenor, Carina Majaesic, Joanna MacLean, and Piush J. Mandhane Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Institute of Reconstructive Sciences in Medicine, University of Alberta...

The development of intermittent endurance capacity, its underlying mechanisms and role in reaching professional level in soccer was investigated. The sample included 130 talented youth soccer players aged 14-18, who became professional (n = 53) or non-professional (n = 77) players in adulthood. In total 229 Interval Shuttle Run Test (ISRT) scores were taken over five years. Players who became p...

Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Intermittent hypoxia of obstructive sleep apnea is implicated in the development and progression of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, which have been attributed to systemic inflammation. Intermittent hypoxia leads to pro-inflammatory gene up-regulation in cell culture, but the effects of intermittent h...

Cultured Schwann cells were treated with 5.6 mM and 50 mM glucose alternating every 8 hours to simulate intermittent high glucose. The present study analyzed the neuroprotective effects of 1, 10 and 100 μM ginsenoside Rb1 on oxidative damage and apoptosis in Schwann cells induced by intermittent high glucose. Flow cytometry demonstrated that ginsenoside Rb1 reduced intermittent high glucose-med...