In non-invasive thermal diagnostics for the location of a tumor, accurate correlations between the thermal image on skin surface and interior human physiology are often desired, which require general solutions for the bioheat equation. In this paper we use sensitivity analysis in order to compute the shape derivative of the funtional that provides the minimum (the geometrical position of the tu...

This paper concerns a relaxation of the assumption of uniform mixture composition in the interior of sonoluminescence bubbles. Intense temperature and pressure gradients within the bubble drive relative mass diffusion which overwhelms diffusion driven by concentration gradients. This thermal and pressure diffusion results in a robust compositional inhomogeneity in the bubble which lasts several...

A Dynamic Hohlraum DH is formed when arrays of tungsten wires driven by a high-current pulse implode and compress a cylindrical foam target. The resulting radiation is confined by the wire plasma and forms an intense, 200–250 eV Planckian x-ray source. The internal radiation can be used for indirect drive inertial confinement fusion. The radiation emitted from the ends can be employed for radia...

We demonstrate that magnetic reversal in perpendicularly magnetized nanostructures is highly dependent on the nature and condition of the edges. To understand the impact of edge damage, we compare nanostructures created by ion milling to those prepared on prepatterned substrates. The sizeand temperature-dependent reversal properties of 25 nm–1 m diameter nanodots show that reversal in prepatter...

The strong dependence of the intensity of single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) on water temperature observed in experiment can be accounted for by the temperature dependence of the material constants of water, most essentially of the viscosity, of the argon solubility in water, and of the vapor pressure. The strong increase of light emission at low water temperatures is due to the possibility ...

It is not known whether sea spray droplets can act as agents that influence air-sea gas exchange. We begin to address that question here by evaluating the time scales that govern spray-mediated air-sea gas transfer. To move between the interior of a spray droplet and the atmospheric gas reservoir, gas molecules must complete three distinct steps: (1) Gas molecules must mix between the interior ...

Ectotherms, such as insects, experience non-constant temperatures in nature. Daily mean temperatures can be derived from the daily maximum and minimum temperatures. However, the converse is not true and environments with the same mean temperature can exhibit very different diurnal temperate ranges. Here we apply a degree-day model for development of the grape berry moth (Paralobesia viteana, a ...

A thermal diagnostic for evaluating the performance of refractory coatings under a variety of heat loads is demonstrated. Heat flow through refractory coatings of TiC exposed to the edge plasma of Microtor II was measured using coated copper samples instrumented with thermocouples. Using interior temperature data, the inverse heat conduction problem was solved numerically to obtain the surface ...

The ejection of material from Mars is thought to be caused by large impacts that would heat much of the ejecta to high temperatures. Images of the magnetic field of martian meteorite ALH84001 reveal a spatially heterogeneous pattern of magnetization associated with fractures and rock fragments. Heating the meteorite to 40 degrees C reduces the intensity of some magnetic features, indicating tha...

Conventional magnetic resonance methods that provide interior temperature profiles, which find use in clinical applications such as hyperthermic therapy, can develop inaccuracies caused by the inherently inhomogeneous magnetic field within tissues or by probe dynamics, and work poorly in important applications such as fatty tissues. We present a magnetic resonance method that is suitable for im...