Genes in human chromosomes that normally require induction by alpha-interferon are activated after calcium phosphate (CaPO4) transfection, but not after DEAE-dextran transfection. The c-fos gene and genes stimulated by gamma-interferon also are affected by CaPO4-DNA precipitates, but the calcium ionophore A23187 stimulates only c-fos among this group. These results suggest caution not only in c...

Germline nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism due to an activating mutation in the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor gene is an uncommon disease. To date 32 different mutations have been described. The severity of the hyperthyroid symptoms is variable and phenotype differences have been described in subjects harboring the same mutation. This paper describes a family with a mutation in codon 431 of ...

BACKGROUND The congenital form of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis due to colony stimulating factor 2 receptor alpha gene mutations is a rare disease with only a few cases reported worldwide. In this study we report a new case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis with a novel variant in colony stimulating factor 2 receptor alpha gene. CASE PRESENTATION A 5-year-old Saudi boy presented with a histo...

Macrophages (Mφs) are instrumental regulators of the immune response whereby they acquire diverse functional phenotypes following their exposure to microenvironmental cues that govern differentiation from monocytes and activation. The complexity diversity mycobacterial cell wall have empowered mycobacteria with potent immunomodulatory capacities. A heat-killed (HK) whole-cell preparation Mycoba...

Background: Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that featured as lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the exocrine glands leading to sicca symptoms 1 . However, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Objectives: This study aims identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways associated with progression pSS using bioinformatics analysis explore pathoge...

Abstract Immune defenses are triggered by cytokines like interferon-α (IFN-α) and IFN-γ in diverse cells. Both IFNs induce a class of factors termed IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Many ISG proteins have antiviral functions. There is growing appreciation that repertoires cell-type specific this bias impacts infection outcomes. However, the cues mechanisms driving these variable responses ill-defin...

background and aims: chronic hbv infection is one of the most common viral infections in worldwide which many factors such as genetic factors are involved in pathogenesis of disease. gamma interferon (ifn-γ) and its receptor (infgr) play a critical role in the immune response to hbv infection. single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are effective on level of gene expression, the aim of this stud...