The hydrodynamic behaviour of riming frozen drops and riming simulated ice crystal plates was studied by meansofavertical wind tunnel.At all times theiceparticles werefreelysuspended in thevertical airstream of the wind tunnel where temperature and liquid water content could be accurately controlled. The ice particles studied had initial radii between 100 and 300,um and final radii between 400 ...

abstract background: pain is one of the common problems encountered by patients with burns, which increases after each dressing. this study aimed to investigate the effect of inhalation aromatherapy with damask rose essence on the pain of patients with burns that is caused after dressing. materials and methods: a randomized clinical trial was conducted on 50 patients with second‑ and third‑degr...

One of the methods for testing splash (the first phase of water erosion) may be an analysis of photos taken using so-called high-speed cameras. The aim of this study was to determine the reproducibility of measurements using a single drop splash of simulated precipitation. The height from which the drops fell resulted in a splash of 1.5 m. Tests were carried out using two types of soil: Eutric ...

There is a growing interest in synthetic, chemical systems capable of undergoing autonomous shape changes and/or self-motion. Important examples include solid objects such as catalytic Au/Pt nanorods, mechanically responsive gels driven by oscillating reactions, and liquid systems in which self-motion is induced by surface-tension gradients. The latter class of systems includes iodine/iodide-co...

The study of evaporation of water from biological macromolecules is important for the understanding of electrospray mass spectrometry experiments. In electrospray ionization (ESI), electrically charged nanoscale droplets are formed from solutions of, for example, proteins. Then evaporation of the solvent leads to dry protein ions that can be analyzed in the mass spectrometer. In this work the d...

Particles, bubbles, and drops carried by a fluid in a confined environment such as a pipe can be subjected to hydrodynamic lift forces, i.e., forces that are perpendicular to the direction of the flow. We investigated the positioning effect of lift forces acting on buoyant drops and bubbles suspended in a carrier fluid and flowing in a horizontal microchannel. We report experiments on drops of ...

Smart water-collecting functions are naturally endowed on biological surfaces with unique wettable microstructures, e.g., beetle back with "alternate hydrophobic, hydrophilic micro-regions", and spider silk with wet-rebuilt "spindle-knot, joint" structures. Enlightened by the creature features, design of bio-inspired surfaces becomes the active issue in need of human beings for fresh water reso...

We analyze the relative importance of droplet deformation, surfactant transfer and interfacial rheology for the properties and stability of emulsions. The appearance of deformation (flattening or film) in the zone of contact of two interacting droplets has the following consequences. It enhances the importance of the surface forces of intermolecular origin and gives rise to contributions from t...