This article aims to provoke a discussion around conceiving community members as community-based research facilitators and leaders of their own process change. It argues this is possible by rescuing Gramsci’s legacy organic intellectuals that present in literature, particularly under the participatory rubric. However, perspective has been overshadowed strong emphasis on (CBR) collaborative appr...

This paper aims to analyze the perception of state in writings early Muslim intellectuals, particularly al-Farabi, al-Mawardi, Nizam al-Mulk, al-Ghazzali, Ibn Taymiyyah and Khaldun. All these six intellectuals have a massive contribution developing or Islamic political thought. intended find answer following questions regarding concept from their writings: firstly, debate around birth state; re...

Abstract The history of intellectuals consists a complex web influences and interconnections philosophers, scientists, writers, their work, ideas. To understand how did these evolve over time, we mined network influence 12,500 intellectuals, enriched it with temporal dimension dividing the into six eras. We analyze time-sliced projections within-era, inter-era, accumulated-era networks, identif...