IMPORTANCE Voltage-gated potassium channel complex antibody (VGKCc-Ab) encephalitis is an immunotherapy-responsive syndrome usually associated with causative antibodies that target the leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) protein. Although it is expressed throughout the brain, LGI1 is not known to be expressed in cardiac tissue. We describe a novel neurocardiac prodrome of VGKCc-Ab/LGI1-en...

Drug-associated memories are critical for addictive behaviors, as these memories can trigger drug seeking and relapse by contextual cues. The transfer of lactate from astrocytes to neurons plays an important role in reward memory. Recently, studies have indicated that the insular cortex has a vital role in addictive procedure, which can be induced by contextual cues using both rat and human mem...

PURPOSE AHNAK is originally identified as a giant protein based on the estimated size of approximately 700 kDa. The aim of this study is to identify the role of AHNAK in the pathogenesis of glioma. METHODS We tested AHNAK mRNA level in a panel of six human glioma cell lines, and in 30 cases of normal brain tissues and 73 cases of glioma tissue samples using a qRT-PCR method. Further, we analy...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of cortactin in the infiltrative behavior of glioma cells and the potential mechanism of cortactin in promoting the migration and invasion of glioma cells. The expression of cortactin was detected by immunohistochemistry in 40 human glioma specimens and 8 non-tumor brain specimens. U251, LN229 and SNB19 glioma cells were employed for the ...

INTRODUCTION Glioma is one of the most common and most aggressive brain tumors in humans. The molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for the onset and the progression of glioma are elusive and controversial. Centrosomal protein of 55 (CEP55) was initially described as a highly coiled-coil protein that plays critical roles in cell division, but was recently identified as being overexpress...

Glioma is among the deadliest tumors worldwide. Despite its relative low onset incidence, glioma, especially malignant glioma, causes high mortality. Due to the utmost aggressiveness of tumor cells, malignant glioma is almost incurable by conventional therapeutic approaches. Finding new molecular targets, which are responsible for tumor progression, can amplify our understanding about malignant...

Malignant glioma is the most common and destructive form of primary brain tumor. Along with surgery and radiation, chemotherapy remains as the major treatment modality. The emergence of drug resistance, however, often leads to a therapeutic failure in the treatment of glioma, precluding long-term survival of the patients. A proteomic approach has recently been adapted for the mechanistic analys...

PURPOSE Cancer stem cells have recently been thought to be closely related to tumor development and reoccurrence. It may be a promising way to cure malignant glioma by using glioma stem cell-targeted dendritic cells as a tumor vaccine. In this study, we explored whether pulsing dendritic cells with antigens of glioma stem cells was a potent way to induce specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and ant...

The anterior portion of rodent agranular insular cortex consists of a ventral periallocortical region (AIv) and a dorsal proisocortical region (AId). Each of these two cortical areas has distinct efferent connections, but in certain brain areas their projection fields are partially or wholly overlapping. Bilateral projections to layers I, III and VI of medial frontal cortex originate in the dor...

Glioma is a highly invasive and frequently occurring type of brain malignancy in the central nervous system. The prognosis often poor for glioma patients, despite substantial advances diagnosis therapeutic approaches. breakthrough discoveries oncoimmunology have led to innovative efficacious immunotherapeutic strategies treat or even cure cancer patients; however, efficacy immunotherapy disappo...