Translation is evaluated in terms of its forms and functions inside the historically developed systems of the receiving culture and literature. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of Persian translation of the14th edition of the original English book “Principles of Marketing” written by Philip Kotler and Gary Armstrong based on House (TQA) model: overt and covert translation distinction. T...

The present study assessed the construct validity and reliability of a researcher-constructed psycho-motor mechanism scale based on the communicative theory of translation proposed by PACTE (2003). In doing so, the necessary criteria for designing the scale were obtained by a thorough review of related literature on previously constructed scales in error analysis or holistic ones. Moreover, in ...

The main advantage of the randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the random assignment of treatment that prevents selection by prognosis. Nevertheless, only few RCTs can be performed given their high cost and the difficulties in conducting such studies. Therefore, several analytical methods for removing the effects of selection bias in observational studies have been proposed. The first aim of th...

Subspace estimation plays an important role in, for example, sensor array signal processing. Recursive methods for subspace tracking with application to non-stationary environments , have also drawn considerable interest. In this paper, Instrumental Variable (IV) extensions of the recently developed Projection Approximation Subspace Tracking (PAST) algorithm are presented. The IV-approach is mo...

This note observes that instrumental variables techniques are useful not only for estimating causal effects, but that they simultaneously solve the ecological inference problem. ∗Correspondence can be addressed to the author at MEDS Department, Kellogg School of Management, 2001 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, or by email: [email protected]. The ecological inference problem i...