This study demonstrates that new entrants exhibit higher productivity but also higher exit hazard than incumbents in post-liberalization China. We argue this seemingly paradoxical relationship is attributable to institutional barriers, defined as the hindrance in the institutional environment that prevents market selection forces to function. New entrants require higher productivity to compensa...

We are grateful for the many scholars and medical practitioners who helped with our research. We thank the editor, Mauro Guillén, three anonymous reviewers who helped to substantially improve the paper, the participants of the EGOS 2007 Subtheme on Professions, the Boston College Research Workshop 2008, and the following people who provided helpful comments on prior drafts of our paper: Forrest...

In Europe, the energy transition by means of a governance shift through liberalization is followed by a transition and shift towards community energy initiatives, with a particular view of supporting the demand for greater energy sustainability. What institutional legal consequences, as constraints and opportunities for lawful behaviour, follow from a shift in legal governance towards facilitat...

N owadays, innovation considered as the most important factor, which can affect economic growth extraordinary. Therefore, investigating the effect of variables affecting innovation has priority. In this study, we try to investigate 1) the natural resource curse hypothesis and 2) the effect of institutional quality on the way in which natural resources affects innovation. To investiga...