The intensive use of insecticides, combined with other factors such as habitat loss, might explain worldwide decrease insect populations documented in the past twenty years. However, due to involvement pest species crop destruction and vector-borne diseases, insecticides will probably continue be required still for decades. most commercially successful are neurotoxicants acting on ion channels ...

The toxic effects of herbicides (Machete, Saturn) and pesticides (Diazinon and Malathion) on green algae, Scenedesmus obtusiusculus, and cyanobacteria, Anabaena flos aquae, were studied. The results indicated that Machete and Saturn, in comparison to Diazinon and Malathion, were more toxic. On the other hand it was revealed that green algae was more sensitive to the pesticides than the cyanobac...

Background: Leishmaniosis is a prevalent tropical parasitic disease, which is caused by Leishmania protozoa. The infection can be limited in immune-competent individuals; however, in immune-compromised individuals it could proceed to chronic and ulcerative disease. The reservoirs are carnivores, and rodents and its vectors are Phlebotomus and Lutzumia. Methods: The prevalence of different spice...

The common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, is the key pest of pistachio trees in Iran. Both nymphs and adults suck sap from leaves and reduce plant vigor and yield, increase the number of blank, half growth kernel and unsplit nuts and also cause defoliation and buds drop. Detrimental effects of chemical synthetic insecticides and the resistance of common psyllid pistachio to them and t...

the adoption of integrated pest management (ipm) strategy by farmers of bathinda cotton belt of punjab, india resulted in reduction of insecticidal applications. there was 3-4 times reduction in insecticidal applications in ipm villages (4.86-5.33) over the non-ipm villages (15.16-18.12). a general trend of reduced insecticidal applications of both conventional as well as new insecticides, in i...

insect growth regulators and spinosyns which are physiologically and ecologically selective, respectively, have been investigated as replacements or complements to non-selective conventional insecticides. the effects of diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron, profenofos, spinosad and thiodicarb were assessed on the 1st instars of cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera (hã¼bner) using dietary and leaf disc ...

the compatibility of beauveria bassiana isolate debi 002 (atashgah) with fipronil, pyriproxyfenand hexaflumuron insecticides was assayed. to determine the impact of the insecticides on thegermination of the fungal spore, different concentrations of the compounds were added to the culturemedium (malt agar). in order to calculate the mycelial growth in different treatments, each colonydiameter wa...

Pollinators are essential to Pacific Northwest agriculture Commercially managed honey bees pol-­ linate a variety of crops in the Pacific North-­ west, including tree fruits, berries, cucurbits, and crops grown for seed. This activity is economically significant. In 2004, the value of bee-­pollinated crops in the region was approxi-­ mately $1.7 billion (Burgett, 2004). Nation-­ ally, the value...