A command, control, computers, and communications interoperability assessment framework has been developed to track progress in interoperability over time. It covers technical, human, organizational, and policy/legal aspects of interoperability. Inputs to the framework include military and civilian personnel, domain experts, feedback from various nations, and past methodologies for characterizi...

How do disagreements between judges on collegial (multimember) courts affect legal policy? We address this question by developing an account of the nature of judicial disagreements in the case-space model of judicial choice. We distinguish between different types of disagreement, from disagreements about case facts to disagreements about how legal rules should treat varying case facts, and cons...

To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally-funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. The Urban Institute is a nonprofit, nonpartisan policy research and educational organization that ...

The purpose of the present paper is to explore both the motivation for confiscating illegal gain and also to look at some of its legal aspects and economic effects. It is argued that the removal of illegal gain may be able to play a significant complementary role, if only by closing the gap between the maximum punishment the law will allow and fines sufficient to represent a credible deterrent....

In this article, we seek to summarize current practice concerning situational judgment tests in personnel selection. We begin by describing the manner in which situational judgment tests are developed and examining the diverse ways in which situational items are presented and scored. We then offer speculation concerning constructs assessed by situational judgment tests as well as discuss the le...

Globalization and the rules it generates confront legal scholarship with a number of intricate issues. 1 One of these lies at the core of a hypothesis which has been

Although protocols vary from institution to institution in South Africa, there seem to be some common threads that raise persistent ethico-Iegal problems. Most institutions require that the patient's blood should be taken and be submitted for immediate testing along with the HCW's blood. This policy might lead to an HCW or patient being told in the middle of the night that he/she is HIV-positiv...

The program responds to the mandate of the Justice System Improvement Act of 1979, which created NIJ and directed it to encourage research and development to improve the criminal justice system and to disseminate the results to Federal, State, and local agencies. The Law Enforcement and Corrections Standards and Testing Program is an applied research effort that determines the technological nee...

Despite statutes and rules of statewide applicability, juvenile justice administration varies consistently with urban, suburban, and rural social structure and context. In urban counties, which are more heterogenous and diverse, juvenile justice intervention is more formal, bureaucratized, and due process-oriented. Formality is associated with greater severity in pre-trial detention and sentenc...