BACKGROUND Previous studies on informal patient payments have mostly focused on the magnitude and determinants of these payments while the attitudes of health care actors towards these payments are less well known. This study aims to reveal the attitudes of Hungarian health care consumers towards informal payments to provide a better understanding of this phenomenon. METHODS For the analysis,...

South Africa’s high involuntary unemployment and small informal sector is attributed to an underperforming formal sector and barriers-to-entry in the informal sector. This paper examines the economywide linkages between formal and informal economies while accounting for different types of informal activities. A multi-region empirically-calibrated general equilibrium model is developed capturing...

Many developing economies, especially in Latin America, appear to be experiencing structural growth in their informal sectors, inconsistent with traditional views that the informal sector acts as a buffer against unemployment, or is symptomatic of labour market segmentation. This paper presents microeconometric evidence for Brazil that challenges this conventional wisdom. A model of informal se...

This discussion paper aims to review what is currently known about the role played by the informal sector in general, and informal retailers in particular, in the accessibility of food in South Africa. The review seeks to identify policy-relevant research gaps. Drawing on Statistics South Africa data, we show that the informal sector is an important source of employment, dominated by informal t...

This paper is primarily concerned with the assessment of outcomes in informal settings with a particular focus on science learning. An examination of hypothesized or presumed outcomes (both intended and serendipitous) of informal science learning experiences leads on to a critical analysis of the methodologies and methods used to assess those outcomes across a wide range of contexts. The eviden...

Informal evidence supports an argument that using mobile devices for informal learning can be motivating. This paper will consider evidence from the literature in one particular area of mobile learning – informal science learning and also present a brief study of how people use mobile devices in their informal learning. Finally it will briefly review the motivation literature to consider this i...