Western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viral RNA can be detected 20 days after death of infected Culex tarsalis in the absence of a cold chain. Viral RNA was detected with the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in mosquitoes infected either parenterally or perorally in the laboratory and then killed and held for up to 20 days at 27 degrees C. Cell culture assay...

Abbreviations: CCR: Chemokine Co-receptor; CMV: Cytomegalovirus; CTL: Cytotoxic Lymphocytes; FIPV: Feline Infectious Peritonitis virus; HBV/HCV: Hepatitis B/C Virus; HIV/ AIDS: Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; HSV: Herpes Simplex Virus; JEV: Japanese Encephalitis Virus; MS: Mass Spectrometry; NK: Natural Killer Cells; NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; NRTI: Nucle...

The field of infectious diseases is enjoying a renaissance in professional and popular media. This interst derives primarily from three concerns: bioterrorism, antibiotic resistance, and emerging infectious diseases. In this article we only discuss the last of these; however, it is important to recognize that the public health infrastructure required to address each is similar. The 1999 outbrea...

Background In recent years, the situation of dangerous infectious disease has developed more complex. Some emerging infectious diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), avian influenza tend to globalization. In Central Vietnam, a lot of infectious diseases circulating every year caused serious consequences such as SARI, VE, DF/DHF, etc. For SARI, except influenza virus which ha...

Neuroimaging constitutes an important component in the diagnosis of the underlying infectious agents in central nervous system (CNS) infections. Despite the recent advances in neuroimaging evaluation, the diagnosis of unclear infectious CNS diseases remains a challenge. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used in routine practice to identify abnormal areas involved in CNS infection...

Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV) is a member of the tick-borne encephalitis serocomplex of flaviviruses, and causes hemorrhagic disease in humans. In this study, an infectious cDNA of OHFV was constructed to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in OHFV pathogenesis for the first time. Our cDNA clone was capable of producing infectious virus which is genetically identical to the pare...

BACKGROUND Clusters of infectious diseases are frequently detected late. Real-time, detailed information about an evolving cluster and possible associated conditions is essential for local policy makers, travelers planning to visit the area, and the local population. This is currently illustrated in the Zika virus outbreak. METHODS In the Netherlands, ICARES (Integrated Crisis Alert and Respo...