Electric vehicle (EV) development in the Kathmandu Valley began in 1993 as a response to the urgency of a severe air pollution situation. The dynamics of government intervention, non-governmental organization advocacy, international donor support, and private sector involvement all shaped EV implementation in various ways. Its success led other South and East Asian cities to view it as a model ...

The engagement of a wide range stakeholders has become key element in regional planning, particularly the development research and innovation strategies for smart specialization (RIS3) Europe. quadruple helix model from literature on systems been raised forefront RIS3. This comes spite fact that surrounding (i.e., collaboration among university, industry, government, civil society) is still its...

We propose a tractable model of an informationally inefficient market. We show the equivalence between our model and a substantially simpler model whereby investors face distortive investment taxes depending both on their identity and the asset class. We use this equivalence to assess existing approaches to inferring whether individual investors have informational advantages (“skill”). We also ...

Any serious consideration of exploring a tobacco endgame in the USA must build upon the enviable track record of reducing tobacco use through a mixture of federal and state policies. This foundation may pose particular challenges in approaching an endgame, including questions of national political feasibility, public support, limitations of sub-federal experimentation and recruitment of future ...

BACKGROUND Physicians are frequently unaware of their patients' desires regarding end-of-life care. Consequently, opportunities to implement do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders are often missed. OBJECTIVE To determine the reasons attending physicians do not write DNR orders when patients face increased mortality. METHODS Over 4 months, the medical records of all inpatients on the General Medici...