The water consumption of fermentation-based bio-ethanol production has recently begun to attract public attention. We calculate a minimum consumption of 2.85 gal water/gal of ethanol produced assuming zero liquid discharge and otherwise current industrial practice data. Including cooling tower blowdown and drift this value may increase to on the order of 4 gal water/gal of ethanol produced. Red...

Faced with limited water supply options in the longer term and the worst drought on record in the short term, the Queensland Government is constructing the Western Corridor Recycled Water Project which will supply up to 182 ML/day of purified recycled water for industrial and potable purposes. The project is one of a suite of capital works projects in progress which in the longer term will supp...

The Association of California Water Agencies (ACWA) appreciates the opportunity to comment on the proposed public health goal (PHG) for perchlorate in drinking water. ACWA represents nearly 440 public water agencies in California that collectively supply 90% of the water delivered in California for domestic, agricultural and industrial uses. Our state enjoys some of the highest water quality in...

Studies on plankton of river Cauvery water, Mettur, Salem District, Tamil Nadu was made to assess the pollution of water from January 2003 to December 2003. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the variation in river water showed high quantity of phytoplankton and zooplankton population throughout the study period and rotifers formed dominated group over other groups of organisms. The...

Sanganur canal is the major open drainage system which has intricate linkage with storm water supply, domestic sewage and industrial effluent disposal. Water samples from various stations were collected and analysed for physicochemical parameters to assess the water quality of the Sanganur canal system. The study revealed that physicochemical parameters like pH, EC, TDS, DO, BOD, COD exceeded t...

Water bodies and water systems are essential for survival and protecting them against terrorist threats like biochemical warfare agents and against threats from toxic industrial chemicals is of at most importance. This paper will examine the issues in protecting water bodies and water systems against waterborne biochemical warfare. We will also present preliminary ideas on a sensor network-base...

INTRODUCTION The science of water disinfection is still a relatively new field for the tree fruit industry, as the widespread use of water disinfectants in this marketplace has only been occurring over the past couple of decades. In comparison, industrial water systems such as open recirculating cooling systems and evaporative condensers have been receiving chemical treatment for over five deca...

The quality of water in different usages especially drinking water has an important role on human health. As increasing the urban population and developing the industries, the releasing different materials into water cause various pollutions and problems for human cycles. The important goal of the present study is analyzing the mercury existence and pollution on different part of urban built en...

An agricultural water conservation policy prevalent worldwide encourages producers to improve on-farm irrigation efficiency. Contrary to intention, increasing empirical evidence reveals that this policy may set an ‘irrigation efficiency trap’ that worsens water crises by reducing water supplies and jeopardizing economic growth. We derive a pair of testable hydrologic-economic conditions require...