We used horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to orthogradely label afferent axons in macaque striate cortex. Of the 38 axons that we recovered, nine were recorded intracellularly before being filled with HRP. Light microscope and computer reconstructions of filled processes reveal highly stereotyped patterns of arborization and suggest that there are at least five discrete populations of lateral genicu...

A new type of directional dual-band antenna is developed for 2.4/5 GHz wireless applications. The dual-band antenna consists of a longer dipole for the lower band and a pair of shorter dipoles for the upper band. A simple coupling microstrip line is employed to excite the dipoles. Both the dual-band antenna and the feeding microstrip line are printed on the same substrate, leading to a fully pl...

Switch costs have been constantly found asymmetrical when switching between two tasks of unequal dominance. We used a combined Stroop-task-switching paradigm and recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to explore the neural mechanism underlying the phenomenon of asymmetrical switch costs. The results revealed that a fronto-central N2 component demonstrated greater negativity in word swit...

The Z-band in vertebrate striated muscles, mainly comprising actin filaments, alpha-actinin, and titin, serves to organise the antiparallel actin filament arrays in adjacent sarcomeres and to transmit tension between sarcomeres during activation. Different Z-band thicknesses, formed from different numbers of zigzag crosslinking layers and found in different fibre types, are thought to be associ...

Conflicts between target and distraction can occur at the level of both stimulus and response processing. However, the neural oscillations underlying occurrence of the interference in different levels have not been understood well. Here, we reveal such a neural oscillation modulation by combining a 4:2 mapping design (two targets are mapped into one response key) with a practice paradigm (prete...

Accumulating evidence suggests that top-down processes, reflected by frontal-midline theta-band (4-8 Hz) electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations, strengthen the activation of a memory set during short-term memory (STM) retention. In addition, the amplitude of posterior alpha-band (8-13 Hz) oscillations during STM retention is thought to reflect a mechanism that protects fragile STM activations ...

Prior studies, mostly using intentional learning, suggest that power increases in theta and gamma oscillations and power decreases in alpha and beta oscillations are positively related to later remembering. Using incidental learning, this study investigated whether these brain oscillatory subsequent memory effects can be differentiated by encoding task. One group of subjects studied material pe...

We investigated how well repetitive finger tapping movements can be decoded from scalp electroencephalography (EEG) signals. A linear decoder with memory was used to infer continuous index finger angular velocities from the low-pass filtered fluctuations of the amplitude of a plurality of EEG signals distributed across the scalp. To evaluate the accuracy of the decoder, the Pearson's correlatio...

Two-dimensional Dirac materials with a flat band have been demonstrated to possess plethora of unusual electronic properties, but the optical properties these are less studied. Utilizing $\alpha$-$\mathcal{T}_3$ lattice as prototypical system, where $0\le \alpha \le 1$ is tunable parameter and through conic intersection two cones arises for $\alpha > 0$, we investigate conductivity flat-band ma...

The gene encoding the 45/47 kDa glycoprotein (Rv1860) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was expressed in Streptomyces lividans under its own promoter and under the thiostrepton-inducible Streptomyces promoter PtipA. The recombinant protein was released into the culture medium and, like the native protein, migrated as a double band at 45 and 47 kDa in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel ...