The aims of this study were to determine the total cost of drug treatment in patients of rheumatoid arthritis, to estimate the costs of management of gastrointestinal side effects of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and to estimate the cost of monitoring the side-effects of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. The original prescription of the patients was used to calculate the direct cost...

BACKGROUND To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of growth hormone (GH) treatment (Genotropin®) compared with no GH treatment in adults with GH deficiency in a Swedish societal setting. METHODS A Markov-type cost-utility simulation model was constructed and used to simulate, for men and women, morbidity and mortality for GH-treated and -untreated individuals over a 20-year period. The calculatio...

BACKGROUND Asthma is one of the main non-infectious diseases of the respiratory system with substantial economic burden worldwide. The objective of this study was to estimate the economic burden of adult asthma in Cyprus during 2015. METHODS A retrospective probabilistic prevalence-based cost of illness model was developed to calculate the economic burden of asthma including direct and indire...

OBJECTIVES To estimate the 3-month direct and indirect costs associated with osteoporotic fractures from both the hospital's and patient's perspectives in Singapore and to compare the cost between acute and prevalent osteoporotic fractures. METHODS Resource use and expenditure data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires at baseline and at a 3-month follow-up between July...

The aim of the present study was to calculate the cost-effectiveness of on-demand and prophylactic treatments of severe haemophilia A for Bulgarian patients. The point of view is that of all patients suffering from severe haemophilia A. An epidemiological model was created, which includes data regarding the number of patients divided into age groups up to 74 years. In the model, the transition ...

OBJECTIVE COPD is associated with significant economic burden. The objective of this study was to explore the direct and indirect costs associated with COPD and identify the key cost drivers of disease management in Greece. METHODS A Delphi panel of Greek pulmonologists was conducted, which aimed at eliciting local COPD treatment patterns and resource use. Resource use was translated into cos...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the costs and benefits of influenza vaccination of healthy school-aged children. DESIGN The analysis was based on data from the literature. Total costs included direct medical costs for vaccination, physician visits, and treatment as well as indirect costs. Indirect costs were in the form of lost productivity when working parents stayed home to care for ill children or to...

BACKGROUND Injuries are already a substantial public Health problem all over the world and are expected to increase in the 211st Century. They are major causes of deaths and disability in the population and also involve high societal costs. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to assess the economic loss due to the injury and the disability days due to different types of injuries. METHODS A s...

The greedy specification testing remains mandatory for analog and Radio Frequency (RF) integrated circuits because of the accuracy of the sorting based on these measurements. Unfortunately, to be implemented, this kind of testing method often incurs very high costs (expensive instruments, long test time...). A common approach, in the literature, is the so-called indirect/alternate test strategy...