One of the effective steps in use of water resources is accurate estimation of plants water requirement. Lack of accurate estimation of this amount leads to water loss and failure to achieve optimum yield, reduced potential of production, soil resources degradation by too much irrigation or lack of enough leaching and salinization of soils by irrigation less than necessary level, which would ul...

BACKGROUND Indigenous Australians have high rates of diabetes and its complications. This study examines ethnic differences in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes in Australian primary care. METHODS Diabetes management and outcomes in Indigenous patients enrolled in the NEFRON study (n = 144) was systematically compared with that in non-Indigenous patients presenting consecutively...

Parenting may be influenced by ethnicity; marginalization; education; and poverty. A critical but unexamined question is how these factors may interact to compromise or support parenting practices in ethnic minority communities. This analysis examined associations between mothers' stimulating parenting practices and a range of child-level (age; sex; and cognitive and socio-emotional development...

BACKGROUND Missing or incorrect Indigenous status in health records hinders monitoring of Indigenous health indicators. Linkage of administrative data has been used to improve the ascertainment of Indigenous status. Data linkage was pioneered in Western Australia (WA) and is now being used in other Australian states. This systematic review appraises peer-reviewed Australian studies that used da...

OBJECTIVE To present the prevalence of self-reported diabetes in Indigenous and non-Indigenous participants in the National Eye Health Survey. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 3098 non-Indigenous Australians aged 50-98 years and 1738 Indigenous Australians aged 40-92 years were examined in 30 randomly selected sites, stratified by remoteness. A history of diabetes was obtained using an interviewer...

Indigenous Australians have a much high burden of cardiovascular disease, which occurs at an earlier age than in the non-Indigenous population. Comorbidities such as diabetes are common. Early diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease may be difficult because of barriers such as distance to medical centres, communication problems and family and cultural responsibilities. Disparities in cardiac care ...

Indigenous peoples living with HIV are less likely than non-Indigenous peoples living with HIV to access antiretroviral therapy; however, there is not enough contextual information surrounding this issue. The Indigenous Red Ribbon Storytelling Study was conducted in part to examine how Indigenous peoples living with HIV construct and understand their experiences accessing antiretroviral therapy...

In this chapter, we review archaeobotanical evidence for indigenous people’s uses of food plants during the Holocene in what is now Brazil. We present diversity plant species used, which includes native crops, such as manioc; exotic maize; well fruit trees, nut and palms. discuss their association with varied human foodways, strategies management, histories domestication dispersal plants. To pr...

OBJECTIVE To describe the impact of a hepatitis A vaccination program for Indigenous children in north Queensland. DESIGN Enhanced surveillance of all notified cases of hepatitis A in north Queensland from 1996 to 2003. SETTING North Queensland; population, 596 500 people, including about 6900 Indigenous children aged under five years. INTERVENTIONS Hepatitis A vaccine was provided to Ind...

OBJECTIVES To quantify the independent roles of geography and Indigenous status in explaining disparities in Potentially Preventable Hospital (PPH) admissions between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Analysis of linked hospital admission data for New South Wales (NSW), Australia, for the period July 1 2003 to June 30 2008. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Age...