BACKGROUND Informal payments for health care, which are common in many countries, can have negative effects on health care access, equity and health status as they lead people to forgo or delay seeking care, or to sell assets to pay for care. Many countries are putting reforms in place with the aim of reducing informal payments. In order to be successful, such policies should be informed by the...

CONTEXT Recent legislation in 5 states and the District of Columbia mandated state disclosure of payments made to physicians by pharmaceutical companies. In 2 of these states, Vermont and Minnesota, payment disclosures are publicly available. OBJECTIVES To determine the accessibility and quality of the data available in Vermont and Minnesota and to describe the prevalence and magnitude of dis...

This note provides two results pertaining to the pricing of agricultural revenue insurance contracts under joint price and yield risk. First, a weakening of the concordance ordering is used to sign the effect of greater dependence between the multiplicative risks (price and yield) on the expected indemnity payment. Second, sufficient conditions are found when the premium rate for revenue insura...

This paper examines consumer adoption of a new electronic payment service, mobile payments. The empirical data for the explorative study was collected by establishing six focus group sessions. The results suggest that the relative advantages of mobile payments include time and place independence, availability, possibilities for remote purchases, and queue avoidance. The interviewees found mobil...

background: health inequalitymonitoring especially in health care financing field is very important. hence, this study tends to assess the inequality in household's capacity to pay and out-of-pocket health carepaymentsin tehran metropolis. methods: this cross-sectional study was performed in 2013.thestudy population was selected by stratified cluster sampling, and they constitute the typical ho...

1 Compound Interest 3 1.1 Time Value of Money Single Payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Time value of money Streams of Payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3 Fair Payment Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.4 Particular Payment Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.5 F...

Objective To estimate financial payments from industry to US journal editors.Design Retrospective observational study.Setting 52 influential (high impact factor for their specialty) US medical journals from 26 specialties and US Open Payments database, 2014.Participants 713 editors at the associate level and above identified from each journal's online masthead.Main outcome measures All general ...

A Conference Summary By Richard J. Sullivan and Zhu Wang From the early days of automated card sorting to the more recent times of the Internet and check imaging, payments and payments processing have continually embraced new technology. At the same time, the industry has been shaped by its share of entry and exit, through startups, mergers, and the reorganization of businesses seeking the prop...

Consumer payments in the United States gradually have been shifting away from paper checks for past several years. Cash use has declined as well, although at a much slower pace. As number of check decreased, those replaced with electronic and card payments. However, transition to bills not proceeded same way purchases. Using detailed consumer survey panel data collected over nine years, we trac...