The dynamic interplay between preparation, handling, containment, and analysis of ultrapure chemical standards and reagents for the clinical chemistry laboratory is described. Inorganic as well as organic standards are reviewed. The contamination problems associated with water, acids, and solvents in trace-element analysis are defined and resolved. In addition, less well-known sources of error ...

the increasing production and use of fossil fuels increase the probability of soil source contamination by oil and petroleum products, and pose a hazard to life. there are over 43,000 chemical contaminated sites in canada and usa, with 2,200 of them classified as high risk. in the us, over $10 billion are spent annually on the cleanup of contaminated sites. the primary objective of this study w...

This contribution regards three fundamental aspects of the urban pollution, sources, diffusion and chemical composition with relative speciation, pointing out the anthropogenic activities and their relationship with the environmental sustainability. The chemical parameters ruled by laws (conventional pollutants) are evidenced together with other species not ruled (no conventional pollutants) bu...

Lichens, a symbiosis of fungi and algae, have been widely used for biological monitoring of environmental quality. As some lichen species are virtually cosmopolitan organisms, they may be used for a survey of organic, inorganic, or radioactive contaminants on more or less a global scale, as well as for regional comparisons, and certainly at a more local scale. Some examples will be given for th...

This study was conducted to determine the effects of organic and inorganic chromium (Cr) supplementation on performance parameters, eggshell quality and some serum parameters of laying Pharaoh quails (Coturnix coturnix Pharaoh). Laying quails (n: 360; 59 days old) were randomly divided into three experimental groups each including 120 birds. Basal diet applied to control group was based on corn...

The thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) of inorganic–organic hybrid material films prepared by the sol-gel process of organoalkylsilanes is measured using a prism coupler equipped with a hot stage. The effect of the organic modifier on the variation of dn/dT in inorganic–organic hybrid material films has been investigated. The value of dn/dT becomes more negative with increasing molecular weight o...

The beverage industry has been a heavy producer of organic pollution. The major contaminants found in waste are biodegradable organic compounds, volatile organic compounds, toxic metals, and recalcitrant xenobiotics, suspend solids, nutrients (Nitrogen and Phosphor) Microbial pathogens and parasites. Activated sludge flocs contain a wide range of microorganisms such as bacteria, Fungi, yeast, v...