Purpose The study investigated the relationship between residual audit fee and real income smoothening, proxied as operating cash flow production expenditure smoothing of non-financial firms in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach relied on secondary data from annual financial statements 75 sector 2010 to 2019. estimated using a modified model several contexts suit Nigerian environment. hypothe...

Purpose This study aims to examine the impact of income smoothing on value firms in a regulated security market, moderated by market risk. is based prevalence accounting scandals resulting collapse which has been attributed opportunistic behaviors managers. Design/methodology/approach The ex post facto research design was employed, and as such, data were gathered from secondary sources. quantit...

Every year over three-quarters of US taxpayers receive income tax refunds, indicating tax prepayments above the level of tax liability. This amounts to a zero interest loan to the government and in some cases may hinder consumption smoothing. Previous studies have suggested two main explanations for this behavior: precautionary behavior in light of tax uncertainty and/or a forced savings motive...

Private real estate is attracting attention as one of the alternative investment assets from viewpoint high income gain and its low correlation with traditional due to liquidity. The prices privately placed are mainly based on “appraisal prices” by appraisers. return private has autocorrelation smoothing effects appraisals, therefore, appropriate de-smoothing, which removes out necessary for pr...