Counterfeit medicines are a growing problem in both developing and industrialised countries. In general the evaluation of these medicines is limited to the identification and the dosage of the active ingredients. In this study in vitro dissolution tests were conducted on two sets of counterfeit medicines containing PDE-5 inhibitors (sildenafil citrate and tadalafil). The dissolution profiles we...

INTRODUCTION The release of the drug substance from a solid dosage form has a major impact on its rate and extent of absorption. In certain instances, as is the case with modified-release formulations, the rate-limiting step in the appearance of the drug in the systemic circulation is its release from the formulation. In the vast majority of cases, in vitro dissolution of an immediate-release p...

In a recent interspecies comparison of the lung clearance of cobalt oxide (57Co3O4), differences of up to 4-fold were found in the translocation rates of 57Co to blood between seven different animal species, including man. This study investigated some factors that could influence the dissolution of this material in vitro. The effect of bicarbonate and citrate concentrations (over physiological ...

Background: Upto date, the scientific documentation regarding in-vivo antiurolithiatic activity of Kalanchoe pinnata has been reported, although it has not reported for in-vitro antiurolithiatic activity up till now. Objective: To explore anti-urolithiatic activities of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves extract by utilizing different in-vitro models. To investigate the inhibitory effect of extract on in...

Diosmin, a vascular-protecting agent, is practically insoluble in water, and its oral absorption is limited by its extremely low dissolution rate. In this study, β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) were obtained to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of diosmin. Phase solubility studies of diosmin with βCD and HPβCD in distilled water were conducted to charac...

In vitro cellular dissolution tests for insoluble forms of uranium oxide are technically difficult with conventional methodology using adherent alveolar macrophages. The limited number of cells per flask and the slow dissolution rate in a large volume of nutritive medium are obvious restricting factors. Macrophages in suspension cannot be substituted because they represent different and poorly ...