one of the requisites for proper understanding of the legal statutes (nuṣūṣ) is that the legislator and the jurist, along with other wise people in various scenes of life, should enjoy collective wisdom and, besides having their own personal viewpoints, they should possess general consciousness and mental background; as this collective consciousness can have a significant role in proper underst...

The two different categories of legal AI system are described, and legal analysis systems are chosen as objects of study. So-called judgment machines are discussed, but it is decided that research in legal AI systems would be best carried-out in the area of legal expert systems. The process of legal reasoning is briefly examined, and two different methods of legal knowledge representation are d...

A theory of many-sorted implicative conceptual systems (abbreviated msic-systems) is outlined. Examples of msic-systems include legal systems, normative systems, systems of rules and instructions, and systems expressing policies and various kinds of scienti…c theories. In computer science, msic-systems can be used in, for instance, legal information systems, decision support systems, and multi-...

This article presents a roadmap of emerging legal problems in the area of Digital Rights Management (DRM). It argues against adopting fundamentalist viewpoints in the DRM policy debate. In particular, DRM technology is much more flexible than many DRM critics acknowledge. The article covers various problems that are less frequently discussed in legal and policy circles. It analyzes the relation...

The two different categories of legal Al system are described, and legal analysis systems are chosen as objects of study. So-called judgment machines are discussed, but it is decided that research in legal Al systems would be. best carried-out in the area of legal expert systems. The process of legal reasoning is briefly examined, and two difforent methods of legal knowledge representation are ...

Background: The legality of the laws and regulations on ethics has always been emphasized on the morality of legal systems and its necessity has been discussed. In Iran, because of other small-scale systems, the law creates and introduces strong rules. The law may not be applicable to the evidence. In fact, the high-level rules have many implications. The purpose of this study is to investigate...

The article provides an overview of the legal relationships in Open Source Structures. It shows that – as within all software development and distribution models – different persons with different “functions” (developer, distributor, and user) can conclude contracts concerning various objects of agreement. 1 Legal Aspects of Open Source Software The terms “Open Source Software” or “Free Softwar...