remanufacturing is an industrial process that makes used products reusable. remanufacturing is a way to establish a closed-loop supply chain. one of the important aspects in both reverse logistics and remanufacturing is pricing of returned and remanufactured products (called cores) that it has been noticed in this paper. in addition, in this paper the researchers have tried to present a mathema...

 This research studies a supply chain with two competitive suppliers and many buyers. The suppliers compete in the market based on their operation efficiencies as well as their pricing strategies. We investigate the switching decisions between the short-term pricing strategy that expands market and the long-term strategy that maximizes profit. The suitable pricing strategies based on their ope...

due to uncertain nature of wind and photovoltaic power units, the participation of this units in electricity markets is subjected to significant deviation penalties. this issue leads to despondency or even admission of these units in the competitive environment. with regard to this fact that the low deviations are available when predictions are performed in a short-term horizon and also distrib...

We call a market competitive if increasing the endowment of one buyer does not increase the equilibrium utility of another. We show every competitive uniform utility allocation market is a submodular utility allocation market, answering a question of Jain and Vazirani, (2007). Our proof proceeds via characterizing non-submodular fractionally sub-additive functions.

Today, in a competitive market, service organizations and producers have a great attention to optimization and customer satisfaction in order to become competitive. Service organization must reduce the number of arrival, waiting time and service time in the queue to increase the customer satisfaction. In this paper by the aim of queuing theory we analyze the optimal amount of increment in a rep...

This paper shows that a strategic but purely competitive e ect of multi-market contact (MMC) can change the quantity provided by a multimarket rm by as much as 50%. Multi-market rms serve some but not all of their rivals' markets. As a result, a rm's reaction to rivals' actions in one market depends on the conditions in other markets served by the rm. Moreover, a rm's move in one market may a e...