Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), which is a modification of fluorescent in situ hybridization, has been widely used in the study of plants. It has become one of the most important techniques for molecular cytogenetics. GISH is a technique that allows distinguishing the genomes in a cell. With this technique, it is possible to differentiate the genomes in a hybrid; consequently, this tool h...

F plasmid is partitioned with fidelity to daughter cells during cell division cycle owing to two trans-acting genes, sopA and sopB, and a cis-acting site, sopC. We visualized the subcellular distribution of mini-F-plasmid molecules by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Mini-F-plasmid molecules having the sopABC segment were localized at midcell in newborn cells. Replicated plasmid molecules mi...

BACKGROUND Previous systems for dot (signal) counting in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) images have relied on an auto-focusing method for obtaining a clearly defined image. Because signals are distributed in three dimensions within the nucleus and artifacts such as debris and background fluorescence can attract the focusing method, valid signals can be left unfocused or unseen. This ...

A rapid and sensitive fluorescent in situ hybridization method has been developed to probe RNA contents of individual cells by flow cytometry. Fixed cells in suspension were hybridized with 5' end-fluorophore-labeled oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to defined regions of the RNA of interest and analyzed by flow cytometry. With this method, we monitored combinations of histone H4 mRNA, 18S rR...

Nitrification was studied with microsensors and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in sandy sediment of a small lowland stream. Comparative measurements were performed in both intact field sediment (‘natural sediment’) and sediment from the same site after processing for a laboratory incubation experiment (‘manipulated sediment’). In natural sediment, the nitrification activity and abund...

The group Incertae sedis within the Characidae family currently includes 88 genera, previously included in the subfamily Tetragonopterinae. Among them is the genus Astyanax comprising a group of species with similar morphology and widely distributed in the Neotropics. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the karyotype diversity in Astyanax species from different watersheds by conventional G...

Myosins are molecular motors that move along filamentous actin. Seven classes of myosin are expressed in vertebrates: conventional myosin, or myosin-II, as well as the 6 unconventional myosin classes-I, -V, -VI, -VII, -IX, and -X. We have mapped in mouse 22 probes encompassing all known unconventional myosins and, as a result, have identified 16 potential unconventional myosin genes. These gene...

During the last few years, there has been a rapid increase in our knowledge of how chromatin is organized inside the nucleus. Techniques such as FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) have proved that chromosomes organize themselves in so-called CTs (chromosome territories). In addition, newly developed 3C (chromatin conformation capture) techniques have revealed that certain chromosomal reg...

The product of the spermatid-specific rat SPAG4 gene interacts specifically with the major 27-kDa outer dense fiber protein ODF27 in elongating spermatids. In this study we isolated the human homolog of the spermatid-specific rat SPAG4 gene and mapped it by fluorescence in situ hybridization to chromosome 20q11.2.