the caspian sea as the biggest surrounded water body (lake) in the world is bordered by the states of azerbaijan, russia, iran, kazakhstan and turkmenistan. urban development in addition to the increase of industrial and oil production activities (oil refinery and petrochemical plants) in the northern and eastern regions of caspian sea in recent years have caused entrance of high amount of oily...

runoff collect used for to minimize losses and strengthen water resources in watersheds.countries like some areas of iran are facing to water scarcity, faced with unsuitable distribution of rainfall. by expanding the use of water sources, using the principles of runoff from rainfall can be effective to solve the problem of water shortage.in order to estimate the runoff in watershedsthere are se...

The sea surface is an important background of sea surface targets and its infrared radiation characterization is the basis of infrared detection and recognition of sea surface targets. The model of linear wave theory and JONSWAP spectrum was used to achieve shape and display of ocean wave. Real-time infrared characterization simulation model was established for the sea surface, considering the ...

Fossil Fuels are always considered as environmental pollutants. On the other hand, the political and economic situations highly affect the price of these fuels. Offshore wind and wave, as renewable energy sources, represent the better alternatives for electricity generation. Therefore, it is necessary that wind speeds effectively be estimated due to the absence of field measurements of the wind...

Continental margin carbon cycling is complex, highly variable over a range of space and time scales, and forced by multiple physical and biogeochemical drivers. Predictions of globally significant air–sea CO2 fluxes in these regions have been extrapolated based on very sparse data sets. We present here a method for predicting coastal surface-water pCO2 from remote-sensing data, based on self or...

The Adriatic Sea is a semi-enclosed sea of the European side of the Mediterranean, covering 138 595 km2 and containing 35 000 km3 of sea water (LUŠIĆ & KOS, 2006). It exchanges its waters with the greater Mediterranean through the Otranto Strait at an approximate rate of 3.3 years (FRANIĆ, 2005), although turnover time varies from 1-5 years when determined with A set of spaceborne synthetic ape...

the main aim of the present study was to map of urmia lake water surface diminishing rates over a long-term period, and demonstrating the most recent surface of emerged salty alluvial plains. for this purpose, landsat tm, etm+ and oli imageries, observing from 1984 to 2015, were progressively processed to generate most of the thematic models in tempo-spatial context. all multi-date satellite da...

We present a new method to compute continuous and bijective maps (surface homeomorphisms) between two or more genus-0 triangle meshes. In contrast previous approaches, we decouple the resolution at which map is represented from of input discretize via common triangulations that approximate meshes while remaining in correspondence them. Both geometry connectivity these are optimized with respect...