Animal treatment has a comprehensive connotation and far-reaching implications in Islamic civilization. The rationes leges for this broader meaning human-animal relations are the principles laid out two foundational sources of Islam, i.e., Qurʾān Sunnah Prophet Muḥammad. While dealing with subject animals, different disciplines carried framework drawn these to more abstract level,thereby becomi...

in early islamic era, architecture in khorasan was followed the common features of early islamic architecture style; such as simplicity in construction and ornament. in the later periods, especially in seljuq dynasty, the application of brick, stucco, tiling and inscription had been used more in architectural ornament. then, in the short period under the khwarizmshahid dynasty in khorasan, two-...