Blogs that cite academic articles have emerged as a potential source for alternative impact metrics for the visibility of the blogged articles. Nevertheless, in order to more fully evaluate the value of blog citations, it is necessary to investigate whether research blogs focus on particular types of articles or give new perspectives into scientific discourse. Thus, we studied the characteristi...

This paper proposes a research line for developing new ways of automatically characterizing groups of documents, being them either clusters or categories. This research line is based upon the works of many other researchers and tries to summarize the most problematic issues of category labelling in order to devise possible solutions. Various lines of action are described, as well as future rese...

This review describes recent research efforts focused on increasing the specificity of contrast agents for proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Contrast agents play an indispensable role in MRI by enhancing the inherent contrast of images; however, the non-specific nature of current clinical contrast agents limits their usefulness. This limitation can be addressed by conjugating contrast ag...

Many fault tolerance techniques that have been devised, applied and improved over the past three decades represent general solutions to recurring problems in the design of fault tolerant computer systems. This document presents some of the best known such techniques, formatted as patterns and organized by a classification scheme into a system of patterns for fault tolerance. This pattern system...

Article history: Received 18 January 2009 Received in revised form 23 May 2009 Accepted 28 May 2009 A new classification scheme for the impact analysis based on an impact matrix is presented. In contrast to the state-of-the-art methods the impact factors of a social system are not grouped into 4 or 5 groups but ranked according to different criteria. The criteria include for instance the drivin...

Time evolution of the classification scheme generated by the EqRank algorithm is studied with hep-th citation graph as an example. Intuitive expectations about evolution of an adequate classification scheme for a growing set of objects are formulated. Evolution compliant with these expectations is called natural. It is demonstrated that EqRank yields a naturally evolving classification scheme. ...

This paper describes a classification scheme that can be used to investigate the characteristics of introductory programming examinations. The scheme itself is described and its categories explained. We describe in detail the process of determining the level of agreement among classifiers, that is, the inter-rater reliability of the scheme, and we report the results of applying the classificati...

Prussian blue nanoparticles were explored for the first time as an excellent contrast agent for enhancing photoacoustic tomography in vitro and in vivo due to their superior absorption efficiency of near-infrared laser pulses at a wavelength of 765 nm.

A classification scheme for household lifestyles, and another for the activities of which they are comprised, are described as a necessary starting point for the analysis of the environmental impact of changes in household consumption. A household’s lifestyle is defined by how it carries out the activities, and households with similar lifestyles are grouped together. Exploratory analysis will b...

In this paper we analyse a family of exponential integrators for secondorder differential equations in which high-frequency oscillations in the solution are generated by a linear part. Conditions are given which guarantee that the integrators allow second-order error bounds independent of the product of the step size with the frequencies. Our convergence analysis generalises known results on th...