Observations of Titan's mid-latitude clouds from the W. M. Keck and Gemini Observatories show that they cluster near 350 degrees W longitude, 40 degrees S latitude. These clouds cannot be explained by a seasonal shift in global circulation and thus presumably reflect a mechanism on Titan such as geysering or cryovolcanism in this region. The rate of volatile release necessary to trigger cloud f...

Geodesy is the science of measurement or mapping of the properties of the Earth’s surface. A good example of an interesting problem in geodesy is the gravitation acceleration g(λ) on earth as a function of the latitude λ = π/2 − θ. (The angle θ in spherical coordinates is sometimes called the co-latitude angle.) For background, also read Marion # 10-7 and 10-20. Newton already suggested in Prin...

The search for consistent patterns of organisation in parasite communities remains a central theme in parasite community ecology. However, to date, much evidence comes from studies without replication in both space and time; when replicate communities are examined, repeatable patterns are rarely observed. Here we determine, using nested subset analyses, whether the infracommunities of ectoparas...

positive correlation at 65 +/5 degrees N geomagnetic latitude and altitudes 44-58 km in Figure 5. I am wondering about any possible significance of the large negative correlation, which is computed for 35 +/5 degrees S geomagnetic latitude and altitudes 50-62 km in Figure 5. Could the authors please elaborate on this as well? The mechanism for this is not yeat clear, but this is out of the scop...

WE COMPARED CHROMOSOME NUMBER (CN) VARIATION AMONG VASCULAR FLORAS OF THREE DIFFERENT COUNTRIES WITH INCREASING LATITUDE IN THE BOREAL HEMISPHERE: Italy, Slovakia, Poland. Aim of the study was to verify whether the patterns of CN variation parallel the differences in latitudinal ranges. The three datasets comprised 3426 (Italy), 3493 (Slovakia) and 1870 (Poland) distinct cytotypes. Standard sta...

Macrophysiology is defined as the study of variation in physiological traits-including physiological trait flexibility-over large geographical and temporal scales, and the ecological implications of this variation. A classic example of a macrophysiological trend is the one emerging from the climatic variability hypothesis, which states that as the range of climatic fluctuation experienced by te...

Long-distance animal migrants often navigate in ways that imply an awareness of both latitude and longitude. Although several species are known to use magnetic cues as a surrogate for latitude, it is not known how any animal perceives longitude. Magnetic parameters appear to be unpromising as longitudinal markers because they typically vary more in a north-south rather than an east-west directi...

Observations are presented of short-lived, highly structured bursts of rapid plasma flow observed with the ElSCAT radar in the high latitude dayside ionosphere. It is shown that the properties of the bursts are consistent with ionospheric perturbations caused by impulsive, localized reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause, i.e. by flux

Associations between latitude and the prevalence of multiple sclerosis are well recognized,1–3 although the association is not seen in some geographical regions.4 The 2006 New Zealand National Multiple Sclerosis Prevalence Study (NZMSPS)5 reported a three-fold increase in multiple sclerosis prevalence with increasing latitude from northern (37.9°S) to southern (45.8°S) regions of New Zealand. I...

Recently completed Hα surveys of large portions of the sky can be used to create maps of the free-free intensity distribution at high Galactic latitude that are independent of the spectral fits to the CMB data. This provides an opportunity to test the accuracy of the spectral fitting procedures and to search for other sources of Galactic forground contamination that could be confused spectrally...