Drinking or local application of human or animal urine for medicinal purposes has been practiced all over the world for millennia. Documented prescriptions in Europe originate from ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome. While many of the advances of antique medicine were forgotten after the fall of the Roman Empire, the use of urine and other excrements enjoyed continued popularity in mediaeval times....

The purpose of this study was to describe and highlight the work of the so called "atomic" philosophers Leucippus and in particular, his student Democritus, after an extensive research of works written by numerous ancient Greek philosophers and historians. The work of these two philosophers is groundbreaking, covers a wide spectrum of science and humanities and shows their high level of scholar...

In 1910, Sir Marc Armand Ruffer (1859-1917), considered to be one of the founders of paleopathology, discovered the calcified eggs of Schistosoma haematobium in the kidneys of two mummies from Egypt’s 20 dynasty (1250-1000 BC). Since Ruffer’s discovery, debate has ensued over whether the medical papyri offer conclusive evidence that schistosomiasis, or bilharziasis, was known to the ancient Egy...

The present study has examined the similarity and the mutual intelligibility between Amharic and two Tigrigna varities using three tools; namely Levenshtein distance, intelligibility test and questionnaires. The study has shown that both Tigrigna varieties have almost equal phonetic and lexical distances from Amharic. The study also indicated that Amharic speakers understand less than 50% of th...