in this paper technology policy of india which has evolved over the years have been introduced as following: firstly, it is selective and seeks to protect local technology. secondly, it seeks to reduce to direct costs and individual costs of technology imports by regulating the royalty rates, other payments, the duration and restrictive clauses. thirdly, it discourages technology imports throug...

This paper argues that the greater the liberalization of imports in a Sub-Saharan African country, the more significant is the decline in its rate of growth due to the recession in high income economies during the late eighties and early nineties. This could be explained by the fact that when industrial countries are suffering from recession, the terms of trade may move in favor of developing c...

We find that trade and domestic market size are robust determinants of economic growth over the 1960-1996 period when trade openness is measured as the US dollar value of imports and exports relative to GDP in PPP US$ (“real openness”). When trade openness is measured as the US dollar value of imports and exports relative to GDP in exchange rate US$ (“nominal openness”) however, trade and the s...

This empirical paper adopts panel data methodologies to investigate the impact of trade liberalisation on export growth and import growth across 28 Sub-Saharan African countries from 1981 to 2010. The results show that trade liberalisation increases the growth of exports; however, imports grow faster by approximately two percentage points which gives a prima facie evidence that the trade balanc...

The objective of this paper is to examine the effects of international trade and investment related macro economic variables, namely, exports, imports and FDI inflows on the outflows of FDI from India over 1970 through 2005. Using time series data analysis, the empirical part of the paper finds unidirectional Granger Causality from export and import to FDI outflows but no such causality exists ...

This manuscript investigates the effect of atmospheric transport and trade on air pollution mortality in China. The topic is interesting and important. The approach is new and robust. The paper presents a good interdisciplinary study and is written. A few minor correction may need to be made. 1. Abstract: “33% of China’s air pollution deaths. . .”, it is suggested to provide the number of prema...

This paper studies the extent and variation in import price pass-through for U.S. outsourcing imports. Based on data from 4,676 outsourcing products imported between 1991 and 2000 an average pass-through rate of seventy-five percent is found. The data also show that outsourcing import prices are influenced by the prices chosen by competing import suppliers. Notably, both the rate of pass-throug...

An optimal commodity tax approach is taken to compare trade taxes and VATs when some commodities are produced informally. Trade taxes apply to all imports and exports, including intermediate goods while the VAT applies only to sales by the formal sector and imports. The VAT can achieve production efficiency within the formal sector, but unlike the trade tax regime, it cannot indirectly tax pure...

Quota restrictions on United States imports of apparel and textiles under the multifiber arrangement (MFA) ended abruptly in January 2005. This change in policy was large, predetermined, and fully anticipated, making it an ideal natural experiment for testing the theory of trade policy. Prices of quota-constrained categories from China fell by 38% in 2005, with smaller declines from other expor...

This paper studies the extent and variation in production cost pass-through for U.S. outsourcing imports. Data from 4,676 products imported through the U.S. overseas assembly program (OAP) show that outsourcing imports were characterized by incomplete pass-through of production and trade costs to import prices. Notably, passthrough was higher for products assembled in high education countries w...