BACKGROUND Cognitive schema theories postulate that anxiety disorders are associated with excessive fear associations in memory. For generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), it has been shown that patients not only exhibit negative implicit evaluations of clearly negative worry words (e.g., cancer), but also a generalization of this effect to neutral words (e.g., diagnosis). This study assessed the ...

Implicit bias has recently gained much attention in scholarly attempts to understand and explain different forms of social injustice by identifying causally relevant mental states in individual’ minds. Here we question the explanatory power of implicit bias in a particular type of injustice, testimonial injustice, and more generally in what we call speech injustice. Testimonial injustice occurs...

Measuring the quality of recommendations produced by a recommender system (RS) is challenging. Labels used for the evaluation are typically obtained from users of a RS; such explicit labels reflect true user preferences but may introduce significant biases in the evaluation process. In this paper, we investigate biases that may affect labels inferred from implicit feedback, such as clicks or ot...

Adolescence is a period in which brain structures involved in motivation and cognitive control continue to develop and also a period in which many youth begin substance use. Dual-process models propose that, among substance users, implicit or automatically activated neurocognitive processes gain in relative influence on substance use behavior, while the influence of cognitive control or reflect...

The effect of threatening words and anxiety upon implicit memory performance was investigated. It was predicted that anxious individuals would show a bias to threat-related material. In addition, psychophysiological measures were obtained to assess the attentional and encoding processes that might underlie this cognitive bias. Forty participants were equally allocated to high and low trait anxi...

ABSTRACT Bias is the evaluation of something or someone that can be positive negative, and implicit unconscious bias when person unaware their evaluation. This particularly relevant to policymaking during coronavirus pandemic racial inequality highlighted support for Black Lives Matter movement. A literature review was performed define bias, identify impact on clinical practice researc...