Immune responses to persistent viral infections and cancer often fail because of intense regulation of antigen-specific T cells-a process referred to as immune exhaustion. The mechanisms that underlie the induction of exhaustion are not completely understood. To gain novel insights into this process, we simultaneously examined the dynamics of virus-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells in the livi...

Silica and silicates may disturb immune functions such as autoimmunity and tumor immunity, because people who are exposed to the materials sometimes develop autoimmune and malignant diseases, respectively. Although silica-induced disorders of autoimmunity have been explained as adjuvant-type effects of silica, more precise analyses are needed and should reflect the recent progress in immunomole...

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are diseases characterized by various degrees of inflammation involving the gastrointestinal tract. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are characterized by a dysregulated immune response leading to structural gut alterations in genetically predisposed individuals. Diverticular disease is characterized by abnormal immune response to normal gut microbiota. I...

Disease dilution, the reduction in infection risk with increased host diversity, has recently attracted attention as one of the many indispensable services provided by rich ecological communities. Immunological variation seems to play an important role in many dilution mechanisms, with non-competent hosts acting as dead ends for various generalist pathogens. Interestingly, life pace in host spe...

Kawasaki disease may be a systemic inflammatory with predominantly intrinsic immune disorder due to exposure of genetically susceptible individuals various infections and/or environmental triggers. The is prevalent in patients autoimmune diseases or childhood, men dyslipidemia, hypertension, who are chronic smokers, and can triggered by abnormalities emotional agitation. Clinicians need have be...

This report covers recent advances in Regenerative Medicine with a special focus on (i) imaging of regeneration, (ii) nanotechnology and tissue engineering, (iii) immunological cell tolerance, (iv) cell therapies in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and liver diseases and in spinal regeneration.

This report covers recent advances in Regenerative Medicine with a special focus on (i) imaging of regeneration, (ii) nanotechnology and tissue engineering, (iii) immunological cell tolerance, (iv) cell therapies in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and liver diseases and in spinal regeneration.