Introduction: Postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) is an autoimmune disease associated with the presence of thyroid autoantibodies (TAAb) and changes in the morphological characteristics of the thyroid gland. Aim: To investigate the clinical importance of certain immunological and ultrasound thyroid characteristics for the diagnosis of postpartum thyroiditis. Patients and methods: 33 women with PPT and...

Bimolecular fluorescence complementation was used to engineer CD8 molecules so that CD8αα and CD8αβ dimers can be independently visualized on the surface of a T cell during antigen recognition. Using this approach, we show that CD8αα is recruited to the immunological synapse almost as well as CD8αβ, but because the kinase Lck associates preferentially with CD8αβ in lipid rafts, CD8αα is the wea...

The model of membrane compartmentalization by self-organizing functional lipid microdomains, named lipid rafts, has been a fruitful concept resulting in great progress in understanding T cell signal transduction. However, due to recent results it has become clear that lipid rafts describe only one out of several membrane organizing principles crucial for T cell activation besides fences and pic...

HIV efficiently spreads in lymphocytes, likely through virological synapses (VSs). These cell-cell junctions share some characteristics with immunological synapses, but cellular proteins required for their constitution remain poorly characterized. We have examined here the role of ZAP-70, a key kinase regulating T-cell activation and immunological synapse formation, in HIV replication. In lymph...

BACKGROUND Altered levels of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) represent a dysregulation of IgE synthesis and may be seen in a variety of immunological disorders. The object of this review is to summarize the historical and molecular aspects of IgE synthesis and the disorders associated with dysregulation of IgE production. METHODS Articles published in Medline/PubMed were searched with the keyword Immu...

Pemphigoid gestationis is a gravidic dermatosis usually appearing between the 28th and 32nd week of amenorrhea. The rash pruritic, bullous or vesiculopapular periumbilical topography. In addition to clinical findings, Thediagnosis confirmed by direct immunofluorescence. If local treatment fails, systemic corticosteroid therapy should be administered. Oral corticosteroids are therapeutic mainsta...

Food allergy is one of the adverse food reactions, which developed by immunological reactions. increasing in prevalence among children and adults. In diagnosis, challenge confirmative with history laboratory tests. Avoidance culprit only preventive method, especially patients severe symptoms. some allergies, crossreactivity allergens should be considered. Latex-fruit/vegetable syndrome pollen a...

Pathophysiology of Lyme disease (LD) is complicated and depends on various factors such as individual presentation of antigens, bacterial genotype, early proper diagnosis and response to treatment. Borrelia burgdorferi localised in the skin, is covered by a coat made of saliva proteins salp, presents mostly ospC and blocks the complement system by using CRAsP. Dendritic cells (DCs) act as the f...

Hemorrhagic septicemia is an important disease of cattle and buffaloes. Which causes revolutions with great economic losses in Asia Africa, Iraq it considered one the more dangerous diseases buffaloes than cows. This study was prepared to reassess vaccination program against hemorrhagic septicemia, which used Iraq, especially buffaloes, due nature their lives marshes as a result epidemic that o...

There are two worlds when it comes to the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). One world has only smear microscopy at its disposal. There may also be some radiological facilities, usually at the patients' expense. The other world has all modern techniques available, including culture, nucleic acid amplification, molecular diagnostics and sophisticated radiological techniques such as computed tomogra...