The spread of infectious diseases and vaccination history are common subjects of epidemiological and immunological research studies. Multiplexed serological assays are useful tools for assessing both current and previous infections as well as vaccination efficacy. We developed a serological multi-pathogen assay for hepatitis A, B and C virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Toxoplasma gondii, and Helico...

Background: In cattle, many serotypes of Salmonella enterica are responsible for a wide variety clinical manifestations, which can cause considerable economic loss. Some cows to abort sporadically, such as the Dublin serotype. This study was carried out on different cattle farms in Algiers region determine prevalence using bacteriological and immunological methods.Methodology: The determined by...

The development of diagnostic tests for a periodontal infection raises the issue as to what the appropriate reference standard, or "gold standard," should be for the evaluation of a new test. The present research was initiated to compare the ability of several detection methods, i.e., a serial dilution anaerobic culture and/or microscopic procedure, a DNA probe procedure, and immunological reag...

Urinary tract infection (UTIs) are considered to be the most common infections in human The present study aimed investigate association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene and incidence of Tract InfectionA total 100 urine specimens venous blood sample from patients (50) control collected who suffering urinary attended Al-Imam Al-Sadiq Hospital/ Babylo...

We identified a patient with novel heterozygous variant fibrinogen, γp.C352R (Niigata II; N-II), who had bleeding episode and failed infertility treatment was suspected to have hypodysfibrinogenemia based on low discordant fibrinogen levels (functional assay 0.33 g/L, immunological 0.91 g/L). analyzed the mechanism of this rare phenotype congenital disorder. Patient plasma purified protein char...

The aim of study: to investigate which bacteria are the most common pathogen associated with COVID-19, and if TNF-alpha cytokines at gene protein levels is changed not only Klebsiella infection but also change COVID-19 infection, using real-time qPCR ELIZA method. Methodology: 145 specimens sputum blood were collected from different hospitals in Al-Najaf city isolate pneumonia during 4 months 2...

The immunological synapse is a specialized cell-cell junction between T cell and antigen-presenting cell surfaces. It is characterized by a central cluster of antigen receptors, a ring of integrin family adhesion molecules, and temporal stability over hours. The role of this specific organization in signaling for T cell activation has been controversial. We use in vitro and in silico experiment...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We investigated the effect of Pycnogenol (Pyc) on survival and immune dysfunction of C57BL/6 mice induced by low micronutrient supplementation. MATERIALS/METHODS Female C57/BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing 7.5% of the recommended amount of micronutrients for a period of 12 wks (immunological assay) and 18 wks (survival test). For immunological assay, lymphocyte proli...

Cytokines are fundamental for a functioning immune system, and thus, potentially serve as important indicators of animal health. Quantitation of mRNA using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is an established immunological technique. It is particularly suitable for detecting the expression of proteins against which monoclonal antibodies are not available. In ...