objective(s) studies have described immunomedulatory effects of sun exposure and ultraviolet radiation on infectious and neoplastic diseases. here the effect of exposure to low potency radiation of sun on the course of leishmaniasis in mice was studied. materials and methods fifteen balb/c mice were exposed to suberythemogenic doses of sun (mean 180 mj/cm2/day of uvb) 2 months before and 4 mont...

background and objectives: brucellosis is an important health problem in developing countries and no vaccine is available for the prevention of infection in humans. because of clinically infectious diseases and their economic consequences in human and animals, designing a proper vaccine against brucella is desirable. in this study, we evaluated the immune responses induced by a designed recombi...

conclusions results indicated that the present vaccination program is insufficient for immunity against measles in this area. the general population immunity was lower than the necessary level for the elimination of measles. therefore, sero-epidemiological studies are necessary to organize national programs for control and elimination of measles. results overall, 821 (91.2%) of the studied popu...

background: galantamine is a drug used for the treatment of alzheimer’s disease and some other cognitive disorders. it is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase however, interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors has also been reported. owing to the significant role of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways in neuro-immunomodulation, we decided to examine the effect of galantamine on tula...

it is estimated that one third of the world's population is latently infected with tuberculosis (tb). the hiv epidemic fuels the tb epidemic by increasing the risk of reactivation of latent tb infection and by facilitating a more rapid progression of tb disease. although the incidence of tb is constant or decreasing in many regions of the world, rates remain high in developing countries as a co...

The subject of the diagnosis of gonorrhoea may be considered under three main headings apart from clinical diagnosis. The first is how far smear diagnosis is reliable and what are its limitations; the second is whether culture methods are superior to or at least adjuvant to direct microscopical observations and, if so, what the best methods may be; and the last to what extent reactions based on...

In nature, the majority of chemical reactions, biological responses, and regulatory processes are modulated in some part by specific amino acid sequences. The transfer of these interactive sequences and the biological activities they induce to short, stable, and readily synthesized peptides has created a diverse new field of modulating molecules applicable to dermatology and skin care industrie...

Cell death or senescence is a fundamental event that helps maintain cellular homeostasis, shapes the growth of organism, and provides protective immunity against invading pathogens. Decreased or increased cell death is detrimental both in infectious and non-infectious diseases. Cell death is executed both by regulated enzymic reactions and non-enzymic sudden collapse. In this brief review we ha...

We have studied certain properties, additional to those previously described (3), of the virus of vesicular stomatitis of horses, and of the characteristic biological reactions of the virus of equine encephalomyelitis. It has been found that the virus of stomatitis, ordinarily dermotropic, can acquire neurotropism and the neurotropic encephalomyelitis virus can, in turn, be rendered dermotropic...

In 1928, at the Pasteur Institute of Burma, Rangoon, the writer made attempts at employing the complement fixation reaction for detecting evidence of immunity in immunised animals and in treated cases. The doses of the vaccine then used were small and the only animal used in the experiment was the rabbit. The reactions were poor, inconstant and on the whole unconvincing. With the increase in th...