BACKGROUND In pigs little is known about the role of innate immune defence in bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, despite their major role in pig production. In the present study we characterized and compared in vitro and in vivo activation of immune markers of different pig breeds 7 days before, and 4 and 21 days after an experimental aerosol infection with Actinobacillus (A.) pleur...

The goal of annual influenza vaccination is to reduce mortality and morbidity associated with this disease through the generation of protective immune responses. The objective of the current study was to examine markers of immunosenescence and identify immunosenescence-related differences in gene expression, gene regulation, cytokine secretion, and immunologic changes in an older study populati...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has been shown to result in increased HIV replication and disease progression in HIV-infected individuals through increased immune activation. The objective of this study was to correlate plasma levels of immune activation markers with the presence of tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals, and to study the change...

Background: Alginate materials have been widely employed for biomedical applications ranging from wound healing to cancer treatment. However, how alginate materials affect the immune system is largely unknown. Objective: To explore the impact of alginate materials on immune system. Methods: The effect of three types of alginate materials, low viscosity, high viscosity and particulate alginate, ...

In critically ill patients, organ dysfunctions are routinely assessed, monitored, and treated. Mounting data show that substantial critical illness-induced changes in the immune system can be observed in most ICU patients and that not only "hyper-inflammation" but also persistence of an anti-inflammatory phenotype (as in sepsis-associated immunosuppression) is associated with increased morbidit...

Chronic systemic immune activation and inflammatory processes have been linked to brain dysfunction in medically stable HIV-infected people. We investigated the association between verbal memory performance and plasma concentrations of 13 cytokines measured using multiplexed bead array immunoassay in 74 HIV-seropositive individuals and 50 HIV-seronegative controls. Memory performance was positi...

conclusions acute hev infection shows a pattern of th1-type immune response, and the direct significant positive correlation between the serum level of scd26 and ifn-γ in acute hev infected patients, suggests that the trend of scd26 levels is a valuable marker for predicting hepatic inflammation in hepatitis e. results the results showed a significant difference in ifn-γ and scd26 (p < 0.0001 a...