This study was performed to investigate the effects of dietary threonine (Thr). level on performance, metabolizable energy, intestinal morphology, and immune system in coccidian–infected broiler chickens. The diets contained: 88%, 100% (Non challenged (NC) and challenged control (PC)), 112%, 124%, and 136% of Thr requirement according to Cobb 500 recommendation and fed during grower (pre challe...

Hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome that occurs at all ages and is characterized by high levels of cytokines, secreted by activated T-lymphocytes and macrophages. All symptoms and laboratory changes can be explained by organ infiltration by these cells and hypercytokinemia. HLH occurs as an inherited form (genetic, primary HLH) with mutations primarily in the...

aim and background: this study seeks the effect of teaching problem solving on self-efficacy and perceived self-efficacy in adolescents.   methods and materials: in this quasi-experimental study using three group with pre-test and post-test, on hundred sixty students were randomly selected via multi-stage sampling, and were divided into 64 students of experimental group and 62 students of place...

The efficacy of immunotherapeutic TLR7/8 activation by resiquimod (R848) was evaluated in vivo, in the CNS-1 rat glioma model syngeneic to Lewis rats. The immune treatment was compared with cytotoxic cyclophosphamide chemotherapy, and as well, was compared with the combination cytotoxic and immunotherapeutic treatments. We found that parenteral treatment with the TLR7/8 agonist, resiquimod, eve...

herbal medicines have been used for centuries to treat different illnesses. among more than 20,000 herbal medicines available for humans, a limited number have sufficiently been studied and numerous remained to be investigated for their efficacy in treating human diseases. a number of herbal products are in use for their immunosuppressive effects. this capacity of herbs may have useful applicat...

objective: evaluation of bax encoding plasmid for increasing efficacy of dna vaccine plasmid encoding gb of herpes simplex virus type 1. materials and methods: we compared three different dosages of bax encoding plasmid (pcbax) including 10, 25 and 50 μg of plasmid dna. they were co-injected ineradermally with glycoprotein b (gb) of herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1 encoded plasmid (pcgb) in c57bl/6...

background: cell mediated immunity, especially cytotoxic t cell responses against hiv-1 infection, plays a critical role in controlling viral replication and disease progres-sion. dna vaccine is a novel technology which is known to stimulate strong cellular immune responses. many dna vaccines have been tested for hiv infection but there is still no effective vaccine against this infection. cons...

Background and objectives: There is no pharmacological treatment with proven efficacy against coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Certain micronutrients have roles in the maintenance of an effective immune system. From point view public health, it will be good to adopt a nutritional strategy enhance immunity general population viral diseases.

Vaccines remain the main prospect for an exit strategy from COVID-19 pandemic, and may, depending on efficacy, duration of protection uptake, make herd immunity feasible. If is not achievable, SARS-COV-2 will circulate long-term. There are many vaccine candidates in development choices between vaccines that vary efficacy safety. The available compared ranges 62–95% against symptomatic infection...

Objectives This is a protocol for Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti PD‐1 or anti PD‐L1) plus platinum‐etoposide compared with alone first‐line treatment extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC).