the cd30 antigen seems to play a costimulatory role in maintaining the physiological balance between t-helper (th)1/th2 immune responses. in this study, plasma and in vitro soluble cd30 (scd30) secretion was investigated in patients with coronary artery disease (cad) as a plausible marker of dysregulated immune response. twenty one patients with angiographically confirmed cad and 31 healthy con...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is a complex disease which is correlated with increasing inflammatory factors, demyelination and axonal loss. in this auto-immune disease, neuroinflammation is mediated by different types of t cells with macrophage/microglial activation and b cells involvement that interact in a collaborative manner. focal inflammation is the main cause for the onset of relapses and coul...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic auto-immune disease. most therapeutic strategies for treatment of this disease direct immune modulation and control of inflammatory processes. first-line therapeutic agents showed moderate efficacy and frequent side-effects with moderate efficacy in trials. their parental administration and limited long-term adherence restrict their efficacy compared with se...

immunodeficiency and autoimmune disease may occur concomitantly in the same individual. some of the immunodeficiency syndromes, especially humoral defects are associated with autoimmune disorders. hematological manifestations such as thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia are the most common presentations. persistent antigen stimulation due to an inherent defect in the ability of the immune syst...

dendritic cells (dcs) play an important role in induction of cellular immune responses. it seems that dcs that reside in different organs may be distinct in their ability to  induce immune responses. this study was done to address the differences between spleen and liver dcs in induction of immune response and/or tolerance. cd11c+  dcs were separated from the liver and spleen of c57bl/6 mice an...

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune CNS-disease characterized by inflammatory neurodegenerative events occurring with de- and remyelination. Recent evidence show that demyelinated neurons are less excitable than myelinated ones while at early stages of remyelination these neurons seem to be hyperexcitable. The latter is a transitory condition that, very likely, leads to impaired neuronal networ...

About thirty years ago, the interlukin-6 (IL-6) which is the proinflammatory cytokine, was detected as the differentiation factor of B cell. IL-6 is able to induce maturation in B cells and as a result, B cells achieve the ability to produce antibodies. In addition to immune responses, the role of IL-6 has been known in neurogenesis (neurons and glial cells). The studies have showed that the ab...

Common variable immune deficiency disease (CVID) is one of the most common primary immunodeficiency disorders. It causes reduction of immunoglobulin levels and specific antibodies production and enhancement of recurrent and chronic infections risk, especially respiratory infections and gastrointestinal tracts. Here, we report a case of CVID in a 3 years old male with recurrent hospitalizations ...