the field of vaccinology provides excellent promises to control different infectious and non-infectious diseases. genetic immunization as a new tool in this area by using naked dna has been shown to induce humoral as well as cellular immune responses with high efficiency. this demonstrates the enormous potential of this strategy for vaccination purposes. dna vaccines have been widely used to de...

variety of positive as well as negative regulatory signals are provided by antigen presenting cell in particular by dendritic cells. in this research, we studied the capacity of dendritic cells to expand antigen-specific t regulatory cells.we also investigated the role of tgf-beta in induction inhibitory functions of dendritic cells in mixed leukocyte reactions. dendritic cells were generated f...

IgG1 immune complexes were identified as the humoral stimuli responsible for the synthesis of IgG1-specific IgM rheumatoid factor (RF), which occurs in the mouse during the early stages of secondary immune responses to protein antigens. The specificity of this phenomenon was illustrated by the fact that complexes made with IgG1 F(ab')2 fragments or with antibodies of a different isotype failed ...

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization recognized outbreak of disease COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) and spread new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which caused this disease, as a pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 virus stimulates production antigen-specific antibodies for commercial tests have been developed. issue diagnosing to became especially acute together with beginning mass vaccination ...

Abstract T cell activation in the lymph node (LN) is critical to initiating adaptive immune responses vaccination, tumors, and infection. We previously demonstrated that cells from human tissue sites (blood, LNs, bone marrow, lung) undergo conserved state transitions during activation. However, these studies were performed suspension culture dissociated tissue, depleting spatial signaling contr...

Abstract Numerous studies have shown viral antigens can persist in lymph nodes after the resolution of infection. We demonstrated that lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC), which comprise vasculature necessary for antigen drainage from tissue, are predominant cell type required persistence both vaccine and within node. termed this process archiving due to ability LEC actively archive an immune res...

Studies suggest certain stimuli like apoptosis behind the aberrant expression of circulating specific auto-antibodies in Type-1 diabetic patients. In present study, we investigated whether Streptozotocin (a diabetogenic compound) induced Rat RINm5f Insulinoma cells can expose immunogenic cryptic antigens. A time course treatment with 4 mM revealed 6hrs as minimal period to induce without much e...

Tumor-destructing techniques, like radiofrequency ablation (RFA), allow eradication of large tumors. Potentially, in situ tumor destruction also can provide the immune system with an antigen source for the induction of antitumor immunity. Antigen-presenting cells could take up antigens in the periphery after which they induce specific immune responses. Recent data show that especially antigen-p...

Stimulation of patients' immune systems for the treatment of solid tumors is an emerging therapeutic paradigm. The use of enriched autologous T cells for adoptive cell therapy or vaccination with antigen-loaded dendritic cells have shown clinical efficacy in melanoma and prostate cancer, respectively. However, the long-term effects of immune responses on selection and outgrowth of antigen-negat...

from dangerous foreign pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and toxins. Their role in the body is analogous to that of computer security systems in computing. Although there are many differences between living organisms and computers, the similarities are compelling and could point the way to improved computer security.1 Improvements can be achieved by designing computer immune sy...