In this paper glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger was immobilized by using a modified version of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA). The co-aggregates were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde; meanwhile dextrin and xanthan gum as protecting agents were added, which provides high affinity with the enzyme molecules. The immobilized glucoamylase was stable over a broad range of pH (3.0–8.0) and te...

Whole cells of Bacillus sp., bacitracin-producing bacteria, were immobilized in polyacrylamide gel prepared by using 5% total acrylamide (95% acrylamide monomer and 5% N, N'-methylenebis acrylamide). Bacitracin production by the immobilized whole cells was examined by using various fermentation media. In starch-bouillon medium, the initial activity of immobilized whole cells for bacitracin prod...

During 17 field seasons between 1973 and 1999, we conducted a long-term study of the behavior undisturbed wild polar bears in Radstock Bay, southwest Devon Island, Nunavut. In subset 11 (6 spring 5 summer) 1975 1997, used three different drug combinations to chemically immobilize small number adult subadult on an opportunistic basis applied temporary dye mark so that individual could be visuall...

The aim of this work was to study the physiological changes of immobilized brewing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a continuous reactor. Continuous cultivation was carried out at three different temperatures (15, 20 and 25°C) with an industrial brewing yeast strain (UNICER, Bebidas de Portugal, S.A.). During the continuous experiment the viability of free and immobilized cells was followed us...

The effect of immobilization on skeletal muscle fibre and myofibril growth in the developing chick latissimus dorsi posterior muscle was investigated. Immobilization, immediately upon hatching, results in a 25 % decrease in mean myofibre cross-sectional area within 24 h. Longer periods of immobilization further retard normal myofibre growth until by day 27 after hatching the mean myofibre cross...

In this method for identifying autoantibodies to lactate dehydrogenase (anti-LDs) in serum, we used immobilized Protein G to bind IgG-complexed LD and immobilized jacalin to bind IgA-complexed LD, leaving non-complexed LD in solution. The non-complexed LD and total LD were kinetically measured. We report results as LD bound to immobilized Protein G and LD bound to immobilized jacalin. Using ser...

This study assesses the ability of mycelia of Rhizopus delemar (both free and immobilized on polyurethane foam) to remove heavy metals from single-ion solutions as well as from a mixture of them. All experiments were conducted using 0.5-5 mm solutions of CuSO4 x 5H2O, CoCl2-6H2O and FeSO4 7H2O. Mycelia immobilized on polyurethane foam cells showed some times increase in uptake compared with tha...

Pitch deposits originating from alkaline peroxide bleaching of mechanical pulps can seriously decrease the runnability of the paper machine when efforts have been made to increase the reuse of process water. In order to degrade pitch particles present in whitewater, lipase was immobilized on chitosan beads using a binary method. The operational stability of the immobilized lipase and its effica...

Lipodisks, also referred to as polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stabilized bilayer disks, have previously been demonstrated to hold great potential as model membranes in drug partition studies. In this study, an HPLC-MS system with stably immobilized lipodisks is presented. Functionalized lipodisks were immobilized on two different HPLC support materials either covalently by reductive amination or by ...

Microorganisms capable of degrading di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) were immobilized by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and used for DBP degradation. The characteristics of DBP degradation by immobilized and free cells were investigated. The experimental results showed that the degradation rate o f immobilized cells was higher than that of free cells. The optimal pH and temperature for DBP degradation were ...