BACKGROUND Promotion of endothelial normalization restores tumor oxygenation and obstructs tumor cells invasion, intravasation, and metastasis. We therefore investigated whether a vasoactive drug, tanshinone IIA, could inhibit metastasis by inducing vascular normalization after palliative resection (PR) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS A liver orthotopic double-tumor xenograft model...

We discuss the generation of superpotentials in d = 4, N = 1 supersymmetric field theories arising from type IIA D6-branes wrapped on supersymmetric three-cycles of a Calabi-Yau threefold. In general, nontrivial superpotentials arise from sums over disc instantons. We then find several examples of special Lagrangian three-cycles with nontrivial topology which are mirror to obstructed rational c...

A geometrical formulation of the T-duality rules for type II superstring Ramond–Ramond fields is presented. This is used to derive the Wess-Zumino terms in superstring D-brane actions, including terms proportional to the mass parameter of the IIA theory, thereby completing partial results in the literature. For non-abelian world-volume gauge groups the massive type IIA D-brane actions contain n...

The interlayer interaction of vertically stacked heterojunctions is very sensitive to the interlayer spacing, which will affect the coupling between the monolayers and allow band structure modulation. Here, with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, an interesting phenomenon is found that MoS2-WS2, MoS2-WSe2, and WS2-WSe2 heterostructures turn into direct-gap semiconductors f...

BACKGROUND Interferon inhibitory activity (IIA) is a logical candidate for explaining neutralizing antibody-negative partial responsiveness to interferon beta in multiple sclerosis (MS), but its role has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of IIA and soluble interferon-alpha/beta receptor (sIFNR) in determining response of patients with MS to interferon beta therapy. DESIG...

It is demonstrated here that in Escherichia coli, the phosphorylated form of the glucose-specific phosphocarrier protein IIA of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system is an activator of adenylyl cyclase and that unphosphorylated IIA has no effect on the basal activity of adenylyl cyclase. To elucidate the specific role of IIA phosphorylation in the regulation of adenylyl cyclas...

BACKGROUND/AIMS The Na(+)-coupled phosphate transporter NaPi-IIa is the main carrier accomplishing renal tubular phosphate reabsorption. It is driven by the electrochemical Na(+) gradient across the apical cell membrane, which is maintained by Na(+) extrusion across the basolateral cell membrane through the Na(+)/K(+) ATPase. The operation of NaPi-IIa thus requires energy in order to avoid cell...

We obtain an M–theory interpretation of different IIA orientifold planes by compactifying them on a circle and use a chain of dualities to get a new IIA limit of these objects using this circle as the eleventh dimension. Using the combination of the two IIA description, we give an interpretation for all orientifold four-planes in M-theory, including a mechanism for freezing M5branes at singular...