The androgen receptor is encoded by a single-copy gene located in the long arm of the X chromosome (Xq11-12); it consists of eight exons and encodes an intracellular transcription factor that belongs to the steroid/nuclear receptor superfamily. Disturbances in the function of the androgen receptor can lead to several forms of male pseudohermaphroditism, such as androgen insensitivity syndrome, ...

Infertility is an extraordinary public health problem in the Arab world, as it affects about 15% of couples seeking children. The male partner is responsible for infertility in approximately half of these cases. Classic microdeletions of the Y-chromosome involving the azoospermia factor (AZF) regions are known to be associated with spermatogenic impairment, and non-obstructive azoospermia must ...

Oxidative stress is one of the leading causes sperm dysfunction. Excessive amounts reactive oxygen species can damage membranes and disrupt their DNA integrity, which affects not only likelihood getting pregnant naturally, but also clinical outcomes assisted reproductive technologies risk miscarriage. Sperm cells are extremely vulnerable to oxidative stress, given limited functional reserve ant...

The androgen receptor (AR) has two polymorphic sites in exon 1, characterized by different numbers of CAG and GGC repeats resulting in variable lengths of polyglutamine and polyglycine stretches. Longer CAG repeats result in a reduced AR transcriptional activity, whereas the role of the GGC triplets is less clear. A relationship between decreased spermatogenesis and moderate expansion in the CA...

PURPOSE to evaluate the frequency of TP53 codon 72 polymorphism in infertile women with endometriosis, women with idiopathic infertility, controls and its relation to the disease. METHODS a case-control study that included 198 infertile women with endometriosis, 70 women with idiopathic infertility and 169 fertile women without endometriosis as control. Detection of TP53 codon 72 gene polymor...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Emotional stress plays a detrimental role on fertility. In this study male patients with idiopathic infertility were selected after evaluation of psychological stress to evaluate a positive effect of a stress therapy on their semen quality. METHODS A total of 20 patients with infertility were enrolled in the study and randomly divided in two groups. Ejaculates were exam...