Cordless retraction paste material for gingival retraction in implant dentistry has recently become of interest to the clinician. However, few studies have been conducted on the use of retraction pastes and their possible interaction with implant surfaces. This in vitro study evaluated the effect of a cordless retraction paste material, Expasyl® (Acteon), on TiUnite® (Nobel Biocare) implant sur...

Aim Article retraction is a measure taken by journals or authors where there is evidence of research misconduct or error, redundancy, plagiarism or unethical research. Recently, the retraction of scientific publications has been on the rise. In this survey, we aimed to describe the characteristics and distribution of retracted articles and the reasons for retractions. Methods We searched retr...

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We describe three patients with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) and marked eyelid retraction: A 33-year-old woman with ataxia, pyramidal signs and eyelid retraction; genetic test confirmed SCA1 (Figure A). A 41-year-old man with ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, neuropathy and eyelid retraction; genetic test confirmed SCA2 (Figure B). A 68-year-old man with ataxia, neuropathy, nystagmus and eyelid retracti...

Aquatic escape responses have typically been described as C-starts. However, another aquatic escape response, head retraction, occurs in several elongate species, but has never been studied in detail. The goals of this study are to describe the head retraction escape response in a phylogenetically diverse sample of species, to trace the evolution of head retraction in anamniote vertebrates, and...

The causative agent of gonorrhea, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, bears retractable filamentous appendages called type IV pili (Tfp). Tfp are used by many pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria to carry out a number of vital functions, including DNA uptake, twitching motility (crawling over surfaces), and attachment to host cells. In N. gonorrhoeae, Tfp binding to epithelial cells and the mechanical forc...

The roles of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and extracellular polymers (ECP) on the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (expresses the A-band and B-band of O antigen) and AK1401 (expresses the A-band but not the B-band) to silicon were investigated with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and related to biopolymer physical properties. Measurement of macroscopic properties showed that strain AK1401 is ...

This is a tripartite work. The first part is a brief discussion of what it is to be a logical constant, rejecting a view that allows a particular self-referential “constant” • to be such a thing in favour of a view that leads to strong normalisation results. The second part is a commentary on the flattened version of Modus Ponens, and its relationship with rules of type theory. The third part i...

An overriding objective in cell biology is to be able to relate properties of particular molecular components to cell behavioral functions and even physiology. In the "traditional" mode of molecular cell biology, this objective has been tackled on a molecule-by-molecule basis, and in the "future" mode sometimes termed "functional genomics," it might be attacked in a high-throughput, parallel ma...

A time-resolved method for tip' retraction at micros-scale away from dielectric surfaces has been developed. Analysis of the forces in the system comprising AFM tip, water meniscus, and polymer film suggests that an electrostatic repulsion of the tip from the surface in the double-layered (water and polymer) system, and water condensation in the tip-surface junction are the dominant factors ena...