The density of 0.5–3 mm thick vapor-deposited films of water ice were measured by combined optical interferometry and microbalance techniques during deposition on an optically flat gold substrate from a capillary array gas source. The films were of high optical quality with an index of refraction of 1.2960.01 at 435.8 nm, a density of 0.8260.01 g/cm, and a porosity of 0.1360.01. In contrast to ...

Icy worlds in the solar system and beyond have attracted a remarkable attention as possible habitats for life. The current consideration about whether life exists beyond Earth is based on our knowledge of life in terrestrial cold environments. On Earth, glaciers and ice sheets have been considered uninhabited for a long time as they seemed too hostile to harbor life. However, these environments...

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations together with accurate physics-based force fields are employed to determine the mobility of atomic oxygen in amorphous ice at low temperatures, characteristic for conditions in interstellar ices. From the simulations it is found that the mobility of atomic oxygen ranges from 60 to 480 angstroms2 ns(-1) in amorphous ice at temperatures between 50 and 200 K. He...

The microscopic dynamics of an excess proton in water and in low-density amorphous ices has been studied by means of a series of molecular dynamics simulations. Interaction of water with the proton species was modelled using a multistate empirical valence bond Hamiltonian model. The analysis of the effects of low temperatures on proton diffusion and transfer rates has been considered for a temp...

Objective(s): Inflammation is an immune response toward injuries. Although inflammation is healing response, but in some condition it will lead to chronic disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s and various cancer. Indonesian cassia (Cinnamomum burmanni C. Nees & T. Ness) known to contain coumarin, is widely used for alternative medicine es...

Melting of the precipitated ice IV in supercooled LiCl-H(2)O solution was studied in the range of 0-0.6 MPa and 160-270 K. Emulsified solution was used to detect this metastable transition. Ice IV was precipitated from the aqueous solution of 2.0 mol % LiCl (or 4.8 mol % LiCl) in each emulsion particle at low-temperature and high-pressure conditions, and the emulsion was decompressed at differe...

Introduction: Mars exhibits a wide variety of landforms that are indicative of ductile flow, ranging from the viscous creep of ice-rich permafrost [1] to the glaciation of thick Martian ice sheets [2] to the surface mobility of thin debris flows [3]. All of these flow features probably contain significant amounts of dust, which for example will likely be present throughout the impact-disrupted ...

The importance of the Arctic region for global climate change has recently been highlighted in the results from general circulation model simulations under increasing atmospheric CO2 scenarios. The warming that is predicted by these studies is most pronounced in the polar regions, indicating that it may be the first place in which the effects of global climate change will be detected. However, ...

Sea ice schemes with a few vertical levels are typically used to simulate the thermodynamic evolution of sea ice in global climate models. Here it is shown that these schemes overestimate the magnitude of the diurnal surface temperature cycle by a factor of 2–3 when they are used to simulate tropical ice in a Snowball earth event. This could strongly influence our understanding of Snowball term...

The crystalline state of water ice in the Solar System depends on the temperature history of the ice and the influence of energetic particles to which it has been exposed. We measured the infrared absorption spectra of amorphous and crystalline water ice in the 10-50 K and 10-140 K temperature ranges, respectively, and conducted a systematic experimental study to investigate the amorphization o...